Adverse Drug Reactions & Management of Drug Poisoning

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Questions and Answers

What is an undesirable adverse drug response known as?

  • Side effect
  • Adverse drug reaction (correct)
  • Secondary effect
  • Toxicity

What type of adverse drug reaction has a higher incidence rate?

  • Type B
  • Toxicity
  • Type A (correct)
  • Secondary effect

What is the effect of reducing the dose on Type A adverse drug reactions?

  • It minimizes the adverse effects (correct)
  • It has no effect on the adverse effects
  • It increases the adverse effects
  • It eliminates the adverse effects

What is an example of a side effect of Dicyclomine?

<p>Dryness of mouth (A)</p>
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What is an example of toxicity due to pharmacokinetic reasons?

<p>Nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin (C)</p>
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What are indirect consequences of the main pharmacodynamics action of a drug?

<p>Secondary effects (D)</p>
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What is the result of suppression of bacterial flora by antibiotics and weakening of host defences after the use of corticosteroids?

<p>Superinfection (A)</p>
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What type of reaction occurs when an individual is re-exposed to a drug they have been sensitised to?

<p>Drug allergy (C)</p>
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What is the term for diseases induced by drug therapy?

<p>Iatrogenic disease (A)</p>
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What is the term for genetic abnormalities caused by drugs?

<p>Mutagenicity (D)</p>
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What is the potential of drugs to cause malignancy known as?

<p>Carcinogenicity (B)</p>
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What is an example of an iatrogenic disease caused by the sudden discontinuation of a drug?

<p>Rebound hypertension after abrupt withdrawal of propranolol (D)</p>
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What is characterized by intense craving for the drug and presence of invariable tolerance?

<p>Physical dependence (B)</p>
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What is the feeling of emotional distress when the drug is not taken?

<p>Psychological dependence (B)</p>
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What is an adverse reaction to an abrupt discontinuation of a dependence-producing drug?

<p>Withdrawal symptoms (A)</p>
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Which drug is an example of a benzodiazepine that can produce dependence?

<p>Alprazolam (C)</p>
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What should a doctor take before prescribing a drug to minimize ADR?

<p>Complete medical history (D)</p>
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What is the appropriate measure to minimize ADR in a patient with a history of allergy to a drug?

<p>Take a proper medical history (C)</p>
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What is teratogenicity?

<p>Impaired foetal development due to drugs given to pregnant mothers (D)</p>
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What is the term for impaired foetal developments due to drugs given to pregnant mothers?

<p>Teratogenicity (D)</p>
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What is the example of drug-induced photosensitivity given in the text?

<p>Doxycycline (B)</p>
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What is the reason for the patient's blood glucose level being raised in the given clinical case?

<p>Due to the administration of glucocorticoids (A)</p>
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What is drug dependence?

<p>A physiological state of neuroadaptation resulting from repeated administration of the drug (A)</p>
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What is physical dependence?

<p>An altered physiological state produced by repeated administration of a drug (D)</p>
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What is the purpose of whole bowel irrigation in the treatment of drug poisoning?

<p>To mechanically cleanse the entire intestinal tract (B)</p>
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What happens to aspirin at acidic pH?

<p>It becomes unionized and lipid soluble (B)</p>
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Why is alkalinization of urine done in the treatment of aspirin poisoning?

<p>To increase the excretion of aspirin (B)</p>
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What is the mechanism by which aspirin is excreted from the body at alkaline pH?

<p>Ion trapping (B)</p>
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What is the primary goal of respiratory and cardiovascular support in the treatment of drug poisoning?

<p>To maintain the patient's vital functions (C)</p>
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What is the term for the administration of a substance that counteracts the effects of a poison?

<p>Antidote (C)</p>
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