30 Questions
What is an undesirable adverse drug response known as?
Adverse drug reaction
What type of adverse drug reaction has a higher incidence rate?
Type A
What is the effect of reducing the dose on Type A adverse drug reactions?
It minimizes the adverse effects
What is an example of a side effect of Dicyclomine?
Dryness of mouth
What is an example of toxicity due to pharmacokinetic reasons?
Nephrotoxicity due to gentamicin
What are indirect consequences of the main pharmacodynamics action of a drug?
Secondary effects
What is the result of suppression of bacterial flora by antibiotics and weakening of host defences after the use of corticosteroids?
Superinfection
What type of reaction occurs when an individual is re-exposed to a drug they have been sensitised to?
Drug allergy
What is the term for diseases induced by drug therapy?
Iatrogenic disease
What is the term for genetic abnormalities caused by drugs?
Mutagenicity
What is the potential of drugs to cause malignancy known as?
Carcinogenicity
What is an example of an iatrogenic disease caused by the sudden discontinuation of a drug?
Rebound hypertension after abrupt withdrawal of propranolol
What is characterized by intense craving for the drug and presence of invariable tolerance?
Physical dependence
What is the feeling of emotional distress when the drug is not taken?
Psychological dependence
What is an adverse reaction to an abrupt discontinuation of a dependence-producing drug?
Withdrawal symptoms
Which drug is an example of a benzodiazepine that can produce dependence?
Alprazolam
What should a doctor take before prescribing a drug to minimize ADR?
Complete medical history
What is the appropriate measure to minimize ADR in a patient with a history of allergy to a drug?
Take a proper medical history
What is teratogenicity?
Impaired foetal development due to drugs given to pregnant mothers
What is the term for impaired foetal developments due to drugs given to pregnant mothers?
Teratogenicity
What is the example of drug-induced photosensitivity given in the text?
Doxycycline
What is the reason for the patient's blood glucose level being raised in the given clinical case?
Due to the administration of glucocorticoids
What is drug dependence?
A physiological state of neuroadaptation resulting from repeated administration of the drug
What is physical dependence?
An altered physiological state produced by repeated administration of a drug
What is the purpose of whole bowel irrigation in the treatment of drug poisoning?
To mechanically cleanse the entire intestinal tract
What happens to aspirin at acidic pH?
It becomes unionized and lipid soluble
Why is alkalinization of urine done in the treatment of aspirin poisoning?
To increase the excretion of aspirin
What is the mechanism by which aspirin is excreted from the body at alkaline pH?
Ion trapping
What is the primary goal of respiratory and cardiovascular support in the treatment of drug poisoning?
To maintain the patient's vital functions
What is the term for the administration of a substance that counteracts the effects of a poison?
Antidote
Test your knowledge on adverse drug reactions, their types, and management of drug poisoning. Learn about the differences between Type A and Type B ADRs and their characteristics.
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