Advance Clinical Biochemistry: Lipids and Lipoproteins

What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the human body?

Which of the following lipoproteins carries triglycerides from the intestine to the liver?

What is the role of lipoproteins in energy metabolism?

Which of the following is a precursor for hormone synthesis?

What is the characteristic of each type of lipoprotein?

What is the role of lipoproteins in the transportation of lipids in the body?

What is the main function of triglycerides in the body?

What is the primary characteristic of hydrophobic lipids?

What is the function of apolipoproteins in lipids?

What is the source of endogenous lipids?

What is the role of phospholipids in lipids?

Why are lipids associated with proteins to form lipoproteins?

What is the function of cholesterol in the body?

What is the characteristic of amphipathic compounds?

Introduction to Lipids

Lipids are organic compounds containing hydrogen, carbon, and sometimes oxygen, forming the framework for living cell structure and function.
Sources of lipids: exogenous (absorbed from diet) and endogenous (synthesized by hepatic cells and adipose tissue).

Types of Lipids

Hydrophobic lipids (non-polar): triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters.
Amphipathic lipids: phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol.
Lipids must be transported between tissues and organs through the blood, but are insoluble in water, requiring association with apolipoproteins to form water-miscible lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins

Lipoproteins are multicomponent complexes of proteins and lipids, each with a characteristic molecular mass, size, composition, density, and physiological role.
Lipoproteins transport insoluble lipids in blood plasma, delivering lipid forms (cholesterol and TAG) from one organ to another for utilization.
Components of lipoproteins:
- Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins outside/ exterior.
- Cholesteryl esters and TAG inside/ interior.

Functions of Lipoproteins

Lipoproteins serve as transport vehicles for exogenous and endogenous lipids.
They provide substrates for energy metabolism (TAG), essential components for cell structure (PL, cholesterol), and precursors for hormones, bile acids, and bile salts (cholesterol).
Lipoproteins carry lipid-soluble vitamins (KEDA).

Types of Lipoproteins

Four major types of lipoproteins:
- Chylomicron (CM): carries TG from intestine to liver.
- Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL): carries TG from liver to other body cells.
- Low density lipoproteins (LDL): carries cholesterol to all body cells.

This quiz covers the introduction to lipids, their structure, and function in the context of advanced clinical biochemistry. It explores lipids, lipoproteins, and their disorders.