14 Questions
What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the blood plasma?
To transport insoluble forms of lipids
What type of lipids are carried by chylomicron?
Triacylglycerol (TAG)
What is the role of lipoproteins in energy metabolism?
To provide substrates for energy metabolism
What is the precursor for hormones synthesized from lipoproteins?
Cholesterol
What type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol to all body cells?
LDL (Low density lipoprotein)
What is the role of lipoproteins in the transport of lipid-soluble vitamins?
To carry lipid-soluble vitamins
What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?
To store and transport energy
What is the characteristic of hydrophobic lipids?
They are non-polar
What is the source of endogenous lipids?
Synthesis by the liver and adipose tissue
What is the essential component of all animal cell membranes?
Cholesterol
Why are lipids associated with apolipoproteins to form lipoproteins?
To increase their solubility in water
What is the characteristic of amphipathic lipids?
They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
What is the function of lipids in the body?
To provide energy and form lipoproteins
What is the composition of lipoproteins?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins outside, and cholesteryl esters and TAG inside
Study Notes
Introduction to Lipids
- Lipids are organic compounds containing hydrogen, carbon, and sometimes oxygen, forming the framework for living cell structure and function.
- Sources of lipids: exogenous (absorbed from diet) and endogenous (synthesized by hepatic cells and adipose tissue).
Types of Lipids
- Hydrophobic lipids (non-polar): triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters.
- Amphipathic lipids: phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol.
- Lipids must be transported between tissues and organs through the blood, but are insoluble in water, requiring association with apolipoproteins to form water-miscible lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins
- Lipoproteins are multicomponent complexes of proteins and lipids, each with a characteristic molecular mass, size, composition, density, and physiological role.
- Lipoproteins transport insoluble lipids in blood plasma, delivering lipid forms (cholesterol and TAG) from one organ to another for utilization.
- Components of lipoproteins:
- Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins outside/ exterior.
- Cholesteryl esters and TAG inside/ interior.
Functions of Lipoproteins
- Lipoproteins serve as transport vehicles for exogenous and endogenous lipids.
- They provide substrates for energy metabolism (TAG), essential components for cell structure (PL, cholesterol), and precursors for hormones, bile acids, and bile salts (cholesterol).
- Lipoproteins carry lipid-soluble vitamins (KEDA).
Types of Lipoproteins
- Four major types of lipoproteins:
- Chylomicron (CM): carries TG from intestine to liver.
- Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL): carries TG from liver to other body cells.
- Low density lipoproteins (LDL): carries cholesterol to all body cells.
This quiz covers the basics of lipids, lipoproteins, and their disorders, including their structure, function, and related disorders, as part of a course in Advance Clinical Biochemistry.
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