Advance Clinical Biochemistry: Lipids and Lipoproteins
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the blood plasma?

  • To transport insoluble forms of lipids (correct)
  • To break down lipids into smaller molecules
  • To store lipids in the liver
  • To synthesize lipids

    • What type of lipids are carried by chylomicron?

  • Triacylglycerol (TAG) (correct)
  • Bile acids
  • Cholesterol
  • Phospholipids

    • What is the role of lipoproteins in energy metabolism?

  • To synthesize ATP from lipids
  • To break down proteins into amino acids
  • To provide substrates for energy metabolism (correct)
  • To store energy in the form of glycogen

    • What is the precursor for hormones synthesized from lipoproteins?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol to all body cells?

    <p>LDL (Low density lipoprotein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipoproteins in the transport of lipid-soluble vitamins?

    <p>To carry lipid-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

    <p>To store and transport energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of hydrophobic lipids?

    <p>They are non-polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of endogenous lipids?

    <p>Synthesis by the liver and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential component of all animal cell membranes?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lipids associated with apolipoproteins to form lipoproteins?

    <p>To increase their solubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of amphipathic lipids?

    <p>They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipids in the body?

    <p>To provide energy and form lipoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of lipoproteins?

    <p>Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins outside, and cholesteryl esters and TAG inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Lipids

    • Lipids are organic compounds containing hydrogen, carbon, and sometimes oxygen, forming the framework for living cell structure and function.
    • Sources of lipids: exogenous (absorbed from diet) and endogenous (synthesized by hepatic cells and adipose tissue).

    Types of Lipids

    • Hydrophobic lipids (non-polar): triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters.
    • Amphipathic lipids: phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol.
    • Lipids must be transported between tissues and organs through the blood, but are insoluble in water, requiring association with apolipoproteins to form water-miscible lipoproteins.

    Lipoproteins

    • Lipoproteins are multicomponent complexes of proteins and lipids, each with a characteristic molecular mass, size, composition, density, and physiological role.
    • Lipoproteins transport insoluble lipids in blood plasma, delivering lipid forms (cholesterol and TAG) from one organ to another for utilization.
    • Components of lipoproteins:
      • Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins outside/ exterior.
      • Cholesteryl esters and TAG inside/ interior.

    Functions of Lipoproteins

    • Lipoproteins serve as transport vehicles for exogenous and endogenous lipids.
    • They provide substrates for energy metabolism (TAG), essential components for cell structure (PL, cholesterol), and precursors for hormones, bile acids, and bile salts (cholesterol).
    • Lipoproteins carry lipid-soluble vitamins (KEDA).

    Types of Lipoproteins

    • Four major types of lipoproteins:
      • Chylomicron (CM): carries TG from intestine to liver.
      • Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL): carries TG from liver to other body cells.
      • Low density lipoproteins (LDL): carries cholesterol to all body cells.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of lipids, lipoproteins, and their disorders, including their structure, function, and related disorders, as part of a course in Advance Clinical Biochemistry.

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