Nutrition in Adolescent
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Questions and Answers

What is the age range of adolescents?

  • 20-30 years
  • 10-19 years (correct)
  • 5-15 years
  • 15-25 years

    • All adolescents are designated as 'children'.

    True

    What is the term for the first menstrual bleeding in females?

    Menarche

    During puberty, adolescents experience a significant _______________ in height and weight.

    <p>growth spurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following changes that occur during puberty with their descriptions:

    <p>Growth spurt = A significant increase in height and weight Changes in body composition = Changes in the proportion of fat and lean body mass Changes in bone mass = Increase in bone density and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the energy needs of adolescents?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for adolescents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nutritional intake crucial during adolescence?

    <p>To support rapid growth and development, and to prevent nutrient deficiencies that may hamper growth, health, and academic performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During adolescence, there is a significant increase in ______________________ and weight.

    <p>height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their effect on energy needs:

    <p>Activity level = Increases energy needs Basal metabolic rate = Influences energy needs Pubertal growth and development = Increases energy needs Weight status = Influences energy needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is eating a variety of foods important for adolescents?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malnutrition can hamper academic performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of practicing healthy eating behavior during adolescence?

    <p>To meet nutritional needs and support optimal growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Malaysian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents was established in ______________________.

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the WHO Growth Reference Data (2007) chart for adolescents?

    <p>To monitor the growth of adolescents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to WHO Growth Reference Data (2007), a BMI of 25 kg/m2 at 19 years is equivalent to obesity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a BMI of >+1SD in adolescents?

    <p>Overweight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The WHO Growth Reference Data (2007) is a reconstruction of the _______________ reference.

    <p>1977 National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS/WHO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent BMI of thinness at 19 years according to WHO Growth Reference Data (2007)?

    <p>30 kg/m2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The WHO Growth Reference Data (2007) is used to monitor the growth of children under 5 years old.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a BMI of >+2SD in adolescents?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The WHO Growth Reference Data (2007) is supplemented with _______________ growth standard.

    <p>WHO child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor that affects eating behaviors among adolescents?

    <p>Peer influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skipping breakfast is a common healthy eating behavior among adolescents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents?

    <p>Breakfast skipping, meal skipping, snacking, frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar, and inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents can lead to an increased risk of inadequate intake of ______________________ and fiber.

    <p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar among adolescents?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating habits among teenagers in Malaysia are generally good.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that influence dietary behavior among adolescents?

    <p>Peer influence, parental modeling, food availability, preferences, and cost, personal and cultural beliefs, mass media, and body image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents can lead to an increased risk of inadequate intake of ______________________ and iron among females.

    <p>vitamin A and vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents with their consequences:

    <p>Breakfast skipping = Increased risk of weight gain Meal skipping = Inadequate nutrient intake Snacking = Weight gain and increased risk of chronic diseases Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables = Increased risk of inadequate nutrient intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of teenagers skip meals, especially breakfast?

    <p>47.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents who are overweight are less likely to develop non-communicable diseases at a younger age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental cause of overweight and obesity?

    <p>An energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A global shift in diet towards an increase in intake of energy-dense foods that are high in _______________ but low in vitamins, minerals and other healthy micronutrients.

    <p>fat and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following health risks associated with childhood obesity with their descriptions:

    <p>Premature death = Higher chance of dying early in adulthood Disability in adulthood = Higher chance of developing non-communicable diseases at a younger age Non-communicable diseases = Higher chance of staying obese into adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adolescents eat snacks daily?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All adolescents who are overweight will develop non-communicable diseases at a younger age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical frequency of eating at a western fast food restaurant for adolescents?

    <p>Once a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overweight and obese children are more likely to stay obese into _______________.

    <p>adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many meals do typical adolescents eat per day?

    <p>3-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adolescent Nutrition, Growth, and Development

    • Adolescents are defined as young people between 10-19 years old.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe growth and development during puberty, including:
      • Achieving sexual maturity and menarche
      • Experiencing a growth spurt
      • Changes in body composition
      • Changes in bone mass

    Adolescent Nutrition, Growth, and Development

    • Adolescents are defined as young people between 10-19 years old.

    Learning Outcomes

    • Describe growth and development during puberty, including:
      • Achieving sexual maturity and menarche
      • Experiencing a growth spurt
      • Changes in body composition
      • Changes in bone mass

    Adolescent Nutrition, Growth, and Development

    • Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and development, requiring high nutritional needs to achieve optimal growth and development.

    Energy and Nutrient Requirements

    • Adolescents have higher caloric needs than females due to increases in height, weight, and lean body mass (LBM), and higher basal metabolic rate (BMR).
    • Energy needs are influenced by:
      • Activity level
      • Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
      • Pubertal growth and development
      • Weight status

    Eating a Variety of Foods

    • Eating a variety of foods within the recommended intake is essential to meet nutritional needs.
    • Ensure variety in each food group and vary the food choices in the same group as they are interchangeable.

    Attaining Healthy Weight for Optimum Growth

    • Key recommendations:
      • Monitor the growth of adolescents using WHO (2007) reference for children 5 to 19 years old chart.
    • WHO Growth Reference Data (2007) is a reconstruction of the 1977 National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS/WHO) reference supplemented with WHO child growth standard.
    • Cut-offs:
      • Overweight: >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2 at 19 years)
      • Obesity: >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2 at 19 years)
      • Thinness: <-2SD (equivalent to BMI 18.5 kg/m2 at 19 years)

    Malaysian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents (2013)

    • Exclusive breastfeeding for babies is recommended.
    • Nutrient deficiencies may hamper growth, health, and academic performance.

    Factors Affecting Eating Behaviors among Adolescents

    • Peer influence, parental modeling, food availability, preferences, and cost affect eating behaviors
    • Personal and cultural beliefs, mass media, and body image also influence eating behaviors

    Unhealthy Eating Behaviors among Adolescents

    • Breakfast skipping is an indicator of risk to weight gain, increased snacking, lunch skipping, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity
    • Meal skipping leads to restriction of calories and essential nutrients, increasing the risk of inadequate nutrient intake
    • Snacking on unhealthy foods high in calorie, fats, sodium, and sugars may lead to weight gain
    • Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar, such as fast foods and soft drinks, may lead to weight gain if activity is low

    Inadequate Consumption of Essential Nutrients

    • Inadequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products increases the risk of inadequate nutrient intake, especially calcium and fiber
    • Inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, and iron (especially in females)

    Eating Habits among Teenagers in Malaysia

    • Two-thirds of teenagers skip meals, especially breakfast (47.4%), and 50% snack in between meals daily
    • Typical adolescent eats 3-4 meals a day, eats at a western fast food restaurant once a week, drinks sweetened drinks 2-5 times a week, and snacks 3-5 times a week

    Childhood Obesity

    • Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of premature death and disability in adulthood
    • Overweight and obese children are more likely to stay obese into adulthood and develop non-communicable diseases at a younger age
    • The fundamental cause of overweight and obesity is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended
    • Contributors to adolescent overweight include a global shift in diet towards increased intake of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugars but low in vitamins, minerals, and other healthy micronutrients

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    Description

    Explore the physical changes that occur during puberty, including growth spurts, body composition, and bone mass development. Learn about the nutrition needs of adolescents between 10-19 years old.

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