Acute Kidney Injury Quiz

<p>Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To standardize definitions and severity of AKI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase but often lag behind the onset of injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>KDIGO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant but reversible kidney damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotonic crystalloids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxyethylstarch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase intravascular oncotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume overload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loop diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate fluid management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gelatins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid status and blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.3 mg/dL increase within 48 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peri-renal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypo-perfusion to the kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of Acute Kidney Injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower protein levels in urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteinuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood loss during major surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction of urinary outflow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible Acute Kidney Injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces 90-day mortality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume overload and solute imbalances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide treatment 24/7. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better control of volume and solute removal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller molecules pass through the dialysis membrane more easily. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly protein-bound drugs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance dialysis clearance when drug levels are low. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor kidney function and guide treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid losses and comorbidities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinalysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating underlying causes of the injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal Doppler ultrasonography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vital signs and volume status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrotoxins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red and white blood cell counts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify trends in kidney function over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sudden loss of kidney function.

Waste buildup, electrolyte imbalances, and fluid problems.

Changes in biomarkers like serum creatinine (SCr) detect AKI.

System for classifying AKI severity (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage).

Based on changes in serum creatinine and urine output.

Blood test measuring kidney waste (creatinine).

Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage; indicate severity.

Another system for classifying AKI severity (based on SCr and urine output).

Kidney injury caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Kidney injury caused by direct damage to the kidney itself.

Kidney injury caused by a blockage in the urinary tract.

Conditions increasing the likelihood of developing kidney injury.

Advanced age increases the risk of developing AKI.

Other health conditions increase the risk of developing AKI.

Excess protein in the urine is linked to an increased risk of AKI.

The main aim of AKI treatment is to restore proper blood flow to the kidneys, ensuring they function correctly.

Replacing lost fluids is crucial for AKI management. Crystalloids (like saline) are commonly used, while colloids (like albumin) can be considered in some cases.

Crystalloids are generally preferred for fluid replacement in AKI because they are readily available, cost-effective, and less likely to cause complications.

Colloids can be used for AKI fluid replacement, especially when larger fluid volumes are needed. However, these are used with caution due to potential complications.

A common challenge in AKI is fluid overload, where the body retains too much fluid. This can worsen kidney function.

Diuretics are medications used to help the body get rid of excess fluid, often a key part of AKI management.

Diuretics play a vital role in treating fluid overload in AKI patients, helping to remove excess fluid and improve kidney function.

While diuretics are used in AKI management, studies are exploring their potential role in preventing AKI in some cases.

Loop diuretics are the most commonly used diuretics for treating AKI.

Hydroxyethylstarch, a type of colloid, has been linked to potential adverse effects and is generally avoided in AKI.

A dangerously high potassium level in the blood, often requiring immediate treatment.

A condition where the body produces too much acid or fails to remove enough acid, leading to an imbalance in blood pH.

Starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) early in AKI patients, often within 24 hours of diagnosis, to potentially improve outcomes.

RRT is often used for AKI patients with excess fluid and electrolyte imbalances, helping to restore balance.

A type of RRT where blood is filtered outside the body several times a week, usually for a few hours.

RRT delivered continuously, providing a more gradual and gentle approach to blood filtration.

RRT that combines the advantages of both intermittent and continuous modalities, tailored to individual patient needs.

Gather detailed information about the patient's medical history, including recent fluid losses, previous lab results, comorbidities, medications, and any prior urinary tract issues.

Electrolytes are essential for regulating fluid balance, muscle function, and nerve impulses. In AKI, kidney dysfunction can lead to electrolyte imbalances, impacting overall health.

A physical exam includes assessing vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature), volume status (fluid balance), and signs of underlying conditions.

Serum chemistry analyzes blood samples to assess electrolyte and metabolic status, giving insights into kidney function and overall health.

Urinalysis evaluates urine composition and sediment, helping to identify potential issues in the kidneys, such as infection or inflammation.

A complete blood count measures red and white blood cell counts, which can reveal abnormalities, such as infection or anemia, associated with AKI.

Renal ultrasonography evaluates the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys, providing a visual picture of kidney health and potential abnormalities.

Renal doppler ultrasonography assesses blood flow to the kidneys, helping to diagnose renal artery stenosis, a potential cause of AKI.

Renal biopsy obtains a small sample of kidney tissue for microscopic examination, providing a definitive diagnosis and guiding treatment strategies.

Treating the underlying cause of AKI is critical. This involves identifying and addressing the root issue that led to kidney dysfunction.