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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
What is the main characteristic of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
What is the RIFLE classification based on for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
What is the RIFLE classification based on for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
What is a common association with Acute Kidney Injury?
What is a common association with Acute Kidney Injury?
What is the primary function that the kidneys fail to perform in Acute Kidney Injury?
What is the primary function that the kidneys fail to perform in Acute Kidney Injury?
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What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?
What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?
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What method provides direct filtration of blood by osmosis and diffusion across an artificial membrane?
What method provides direct filtration of blood by osmosis and diffusion across an artificial membrane?
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What is contained in a balanced electrolyte dialysate solution or 'bath' to be returned to the blood during haemodialysis?
What is contained in a balanced electrolyte dialysate solution or 'bath' to be returned to the blood during haemodialysis?
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What is universally accepted as the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
What is universally accepted as the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
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What method results in better survival than dialysis for pediatric patients of all ages?
What method results in better survival than dialysis for pediatric patients of all ages?
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What is the most common complication of haemodialysis?
What is the most common complication of haemodialysis?
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What is the surgical procedure required for haemodialysis?
What is the surgical procedure required for haemodialysis?
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What allows for significant improvement in delayed skeletal growth, sexual maturation, and cognitive performance in children with ESRD?
What allows for significant improvement in delayed skeletal growth, sexual maturation, and cognitive performance in children with ESRD?
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What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis that may result in loss of membrane integrity?
What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis that may result in loss of membrane integrity?
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What are the advantages of haemodialysis?
What are the advantages of haemodialysis?
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What method provides less independence than peritoneal dialysis?
What method provides less independence than peritoneal dialysis?
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What is the most common complication of haemodialysis that poses vascular access difficulties?
What is the most common complication of haemodialysis that poses vascular access difficulties?
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Which classification system combines RIFLE and AKIN classifications to establish a unified AKI classification?
Which classification system combines RIFLE and AKIN classifications to establish a unified AKI classification?
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How does KDIGO define AKI?
How does KDIGO define AKI?
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What do pre-renal causes of acute kidney injury include?
What do pre-renal causes of acute kidney injury include?
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What are intrinsic renal causes of acute kidney injury related to?
What are intrinsic renal causes of acute kidney injury related to?
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How does KDIGO define AKI based on urine output?
How does KDIGO define AKI based on urine output?
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What is the primary method to differentiate between pre-renal and renal AKI?
What is the primary method to differentiate between pre-renal and renal AKI?
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What are post-renal causes of acute kidney injury related to?
What are post-renal causes of acute kidney injury related to?
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What are the indications for dialysis in chronic kidney disease management?
What are the indications for dialysis in chronic kidney disease management?
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What is the primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis in children and infants?
What is the primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis in children and infants?
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What is the surgical procedure required for hemodialysis?
What is the surgical procedure required for hemodialysis?
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Which method utilizes the body's peritoneum as a filter for dialysis?
Which method utilizes the body's peritoneum as a filter for dialysis?
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What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?
What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?
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Match the following complications with the corresponding dialysis method:
Match the following complications with the corresponding dialysis method:
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Match the following advantages with the corresponding dialysis method:
Match the following advantages with the corresponding dialysis method:
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Match the following statements with the corresponding renal management method:
Match the following statements with the corresponding renal management method:
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Match the following characteristics with their association to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
Match the following characteristics with their association to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
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Match the following classifications with their defining features:
Match the following classifications with their defining features:
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Match the causes of AKI with their classifications:
Match the causes of AKI with their classifications:
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Acute Kidney Injury (Acute renal failure) is always irreversible.
Acute Kidney Injury (Acute renal failure) is always irreversible.
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The RIFLE classification for AKI is based on Serum Creatinine and Urine Output evaluation.
The RIFLE classification for AKI is based on Serum Creatinine and Urine Output evaluation.
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Acute Kidney Injury is commonly associated with oliguria, abrupt elevation in Serum Creatinine, and dys-electrolyteamia.
Acute Kidney Injury is commonly associated with oliguria, abrupt elevation in Serum Creatinine, and dys-electrolyteamia.
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The KDIGO defines AKI based on both urine output and Serum Creatinine levels.
The KDIGO defines AKI based on both urine output and Serum Creatinine levels.
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Peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater dietary and fluid compliance compared to hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis is associated with greater dietary and fluid compliance compared to hemodialysis
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Hemodialysis is performed 2 to 4 times a week
Hemodialysis is performed 2 to 4 times a week
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Hemodialysis provides immediate improvement in fluid and chemical status
Hemodialysis provides immediate improvement in fluid and chemical status
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Hemodialysis poses less demand on the family and child for performing procedures at home
Hemodialysis poses less demand on the family and child for performing procedures at home
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Renal transplant results in better survival than dialysis for pediatric patients of all ages
Renal transplant results in better survival than dialysis for pediatric patients of all ages
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Five year survival rates in transplant patients are close to 95% whereas in dialyzed patients the survival rates are about 80%
Five year survival rates in transplant patients are close to 95% whereas in dialyzed patients the survival rates are about 80%
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Kidney transplantation is universally accepted as the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kidney transplantation is universally accepted as the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
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Vascular access difficulties are a common complication of hemodialysis
Vascular access difficulties are a common complication of hemodialysis
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Peritonitis is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis that may result in loss of membrane integrity
Peritonitis is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis that may result in loss of membrane integrity
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Peritoneal dialysis provides less independence than hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis provides less independence than hemodialysis
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The child with a well functioning kidney transplant can enjoy a quality of life that cannot be achieved by any form of dialysis therapy
The child with a well functioning kidney transplant can enjoy a quality of life that cannot be achieved by any form of dialysis therapy
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Successful transplantation in children with ESRD not only ameliorates uremic symptoms but also allows for significant improvement of delayed skeletal growth, sexual maturation, cognitive performance, and psychosocial functioning
Successful transplantation in children with ESRD not only ameliorates uremic symptoms but also allows for significant improvement of delayed skeletal growth, sexual maturation, cognitive performance, and psychosocial functioning
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RIFLE classification includes stages such as Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End stage renal Disease
RIFLE classification includes stages such as Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End stage renal Disease
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Pediatric RIFLE criteria include parameters such as reduction in GFR, creatinine increase, urine output, and outcome parameters
Pediatric RIFLE criteria include parameters such as reduction in GFR, creatinine increase, urine output, and outcome parameters
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KDIGO classification is based on serum creatinine increase and urine output for defining acute kidney injury (AKI)
KDIGO classification is based on serum creatinine increase and urine output for defining acute kidney injury (AKI)
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Stage 1-3 of AKI have specific criteria for serum creatinine increase and urine output for each stage
Stage 1-3 of AKI have specific criteria for serum creatinine increase and urine output for each stage
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Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a common cause of intrinsic AKI resulting from prolonged hypoperfusion and nephrotoxin exposure
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a common cause of intrinsic AKI resulting from prolonged hypoperfusion and nephrotoxin exposure
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Post-renal AKI results from obstructive processes that block urine flow
Post-renal AKI results from obstructive processes that block urine flow
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Parameters for urine osmolality, specific gravity, sodium, plasma creatinine ratio, plasma urea ratio, and seizures can help differentiate pre-renal and renal AKI
Parameters for urine osmolality, specific gravity, sodium, plasma creatinine ratio, plasma urea ratio, and seizures can help differentiate pre-renal and renal AKI
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Continuous ambulatory and continuous cycling are variations of peritoneal dialysis, offering advantages and ease of performance
Continuous ambulatory and continuous cycling are variations of peritoneal dialysis, offering advantages and ease of performance
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Peritoneal dialysis provides better haemodynamic stability, metabolic control, cost-effectiveness, and freedom for children to attend school
Peritoneal dialysis provides better haemodynamic stability, metabolic control, cost-effectiveness, and freedom for children to attend school
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Study Notes
Acute Kidney Injury Classification
- The RIFLE classification system categorizes acute kidney injury into risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease.
- The pediatric RIFLE criteria assess kidney injury based on the percentage reduction in glomerular filtration rate, creatinine increase, and urine output.
- The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KIDIGO) combined RIFLE and AKIN classifications to establish a unified AKI classification in 2012.
- KDIGO defines AKI as an increase in serum creatinine by 0.3mg/dL or more within 48 hours, or to 1.5 times baseline within the last 7 days, or urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours.
- The stages of AKI are based on serum creatinine levels, urine output, and the need for renal replacement therapy.
- Acute kidney injury can be classified into pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal causes.
- Pre-renal causes include circulatory insufficiency, dehydration, sepsis, and heart failure.
- Intrinsic renal causes involve direct renal parenchymal damage or dysfunction, including acute tubular necrosis and nephrotoxin exposure.
- Post-renal causes result from obstructive processes that block urine flow, such as tumors or stones.
- Differentiating between pre-renal and renal AKI involves assessing urine osmolality, specific gravity, sodium levels, and plasma creatinine and urea ratios.
- Management of chronic kidney disease includes indications for dialysis, such as symptoms of uremia, fluid overload, calcium/phosphate imbalance, and hypertensive pericarditis.
- Peritoneal dialysis, utilizing the body's peritoneum as a filter, can be performed through continuous ambulatory or continuous cycling methods, offering advantages in children and infants.
Acute Kidney Injury Classification and Criteria
- RIFLE classification: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal Disease
- Pediatric RIFLE criteria: Stages, reduction in GFR, creatinine increase, urine output, and outcome parameters
- KDIGO classification: Definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) based on serum creatinine increase and urine output
- Stage 1-3 of AKI: Criteria for serum creatinine increase and urine output for each stage
- Aetiology of AKI: Classification into pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal causes
- Pathophysiology of AKI: Pre-renal AKI results from decreased renal blood flow, intrinsic AKI refers to direct renal parenchymal damage or dysfunction, and post-renal AKI results from obstructive processes
- Intrinsic AKI: Common causes include acute tubular necrosis (ATN) after prolonged hypoperfusion and nephrotoxin exposure
- Post-renal AKI: Results from obstructive processes that block urine flow
- Differentiating pre-renal and renal AKI: Parameters for urine osmolality, specific gravity, sodium, plasma creatinine ratio, plasma urea ratio, and seizures
- Chronic kidney disease management: Dialysis indications and symptoms, and peritoneal dialysis as a treatment option
- Peritoneal dialysis variations: Continuous ambulatory and continuous cycling, advantages, and ease of performance
- Peritoneal dialysis advantages: Better haemodynamic stability, metabolic control, cost-effectiveness, and freedom for children to attend school
Acute Kidney Injury Classification and Criteria
- RIFLE classification: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal Disease
- Pediatric RIFLE criteria: Stages, reduction in GFR, creatinine increase, urine output, and outcome parameters
- KDIGO classification: Definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) based on serum creatinine increase and urine output
- Stage 1-3 of AKI: Criteria for serum creatinine increase and urine output for each stage
- Aetiology of AKI: Classification into pre-renal, intrinsic renal, and post-renal causes
- Pathophysiology of AKI: Pre-renal AKI results from decreased renal blood flow, intrinsic AKI refers to direct renal parenchymal damage or dysfunction, and post-renal AKI results from obstructive processes
- Intrinsic AKI: Common causes include acute tubular necrosis (ATN) after prolonged hypoperfusion and nephrotoxin exposure
- Post-renal AKI: Results from obstructive processes that block urine flow
- Differentiating pre-renal and renal AKI: Parameters for urine osmolality, specific gravity, sodium, plasma creatinine ratio, plasma urea ratio, and seizures
- Chronic kidney disease management: Dialysis indications and symptoms, and peritoneal dialysis as a treatment option
- Peritoneal dialysis variations: Continuous ambulatory and continuous cycling, advantages, and ease of performance
- Peritoneal dialysis advantages: Better haemodynamic stability, metabolic control, cost-effectiveness, and freedom for children to attend school
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Description
Test your knowledge of acute kidney injury classification with this quiz. Explore the RIFLE and KIDIGO criteria, stages of AKI, and differentiation between pre-renal and intrinsic renal causes. Learn about management options, including indications for dialysis and peritoneal dialysis methods.