Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the usual presentation of AKI?

  • Fluctuating kidney function with inconsistent glomerular filtration and serum creatinine, cystatin C, and BUN levels
  • Sudden decline in kidney function with decreased glomerular filtration and increase in serum creatinine, cystatin C, and BUN levels (correct)
  • No change in kidney function with stable glomerular filtration and serum creatinine, cystatin C, and BUN levels
  • Gradual decline in kidney function with increased glomerular filtration and decrease in serum creatinine, cystatin C, and BUN levels

    • What is oliguria and its association with AKI?

  • Urine output of less than 400 mL per day, often associated with normal plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels
  • Urine output of more than 400 mL per day, often associated with elevated plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels
  • Urine output of less than 400 mL per day, often associated with elevated plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels (correct)
  • Urine output of more than 400 mL per day, often associated with normal plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels

    • What is the cause of prerenal acute renal failure?

  • Normal renal perfusion with a decreased GFR, ischemia, and tubular necrosis
  • Normal renal perfusion with a normal GFR, no ischemia, and no tubular necrosis
  • Decreased renal perfusion with a decreased GFR, ischemia, and tubular necrosis (correct)
  • Increased renal perfusion with an increased GFR, ischemia, and tubular necrosis

    • What is the common association of intrarenal acute renal failure?

    <p>Commonly related to acute tubular necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes postrenal acute renal failure?

    <p>Associated with diseases that obstruct the flow of urine from the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

    <p>Progressive loss of renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do symptomatic changes become evident in chronic kidney disease?

    <p>When renal function declines to less than 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, and tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the alterations seen in chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Elevated plasma creatinine levels, sodium loss in urine, potassium retention, and altered calcium and phosphate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to erythropoietin production in chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Erythropoietin production is diminished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

    • Typical presentation of AKI includes sudden loss of kidney function, often reversible with treatment
    • AKI is often asymptomatic, with diagnosis made through laboratory tests

    Oliguria and AKI

    • Oliguria is a common complication of AKI, characterized by a urine output of less than 400ml/day
    • Oliguria is often associated with AKI, as kidney damage can lead to decreased urine production

    Prerenal Acute Renal Failure

    • Caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidneys, often due to dehydration, bleeding, or cardiac failure
    • Reduced perfusion of the kidneys can lead to acute kidney injury

    Intrarenal Acute Renal Failure

    • Caused by damage to the kidneys themselves, often due to toxins, medications, or ischemia
    • Common associations include acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis

    Postrenal Acute Renal Failure

    • Caused by obstruction of the urinary tract, often due to kidney stones, tumors, or prostate disease
    • Characterized by backpressure damaging the kidneys

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

    • A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often due to diabetes, hypertension, or glomerulonephritis
    • CKD is often asymptomatic in its early stages

    Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

    • Symptomatic changes often become evident in CKD when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 30ml/min
    • Contributing factors to progression of CKD include hypertension, proteinuria, and anemia
    • Alterations seen in CKD include fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress

    Erythropoietin Production in CKD

    • Erythropoietin production is decreased in CKD, leading to anemia
    • Anemia can worsen CKD, as decreased oxygen delivery to the kidneys can accelerate disease progression

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) with this quiz. Explore the categories of prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal AKI, and learn about the accompanying symptoms and diagnostic markers.

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