Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Quiz

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

• Typical presentation of AKI includes sudden loss of kidney function, often reversible with treatment
• AKI is often asymptomatic, with diagnosis made through laboratory tests

Oliguria and AKI

• Oliguria is a common complication of AKI, characterized by a urine output of less than 400ml/day
• Oliguria is often associated with AKI, as kidney damage can lead to decreased urine production

Prerenal Acute Renal Failure

• Caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidneys, often due to dehydration, bleeding, or cardiac failure
• Reduced perfusion of the kidneys can lead to acute kidney injury

Intrarenal Acute Renal Failure

• Caused by damage to the kidneys themselves, often due to toxins, medications, or ischemia
• Common associations include acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis

Postrenal Acute Renal Failure

• Caused by obstruction of the urinary tract, often due to kidney stones, tumors, or prostate disease
• Characterized by backpressure damaging the kidneys

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

• A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often due to diabetes, hypertension, or glomerulonephritis
• CKD is often asymptomatic in its early stages

Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Symptomatic changes often become evident in CKD when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 30ml/min
• Contributing factors to progression of CKD include hypertension, proteinuria, and anemia
• Alterations seen in CKD include fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress

Erythropoietin Production in CKD

• Erythropoietin production is decreased in CKD, leading to anemia
• Anemia can worsen CKD, as decreased oxygen delivery to the kidneys can accelerate disease progression