18 Questions
What is the normal range of chloride concentration in the ECF?
95–110 mEq/L
What is the primary reason for measuring serum chloride?
To validate the serum sodium concentration
What is often accompanied by an increased serum chloride concentration?
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
What can cause hypochloremia?
Excessive GI loss of chloride-rich fluid
What is the name of the equation that describes the relationship between serum concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride?
Anion gap equation
What is hyperchloremia usually accompanied by?
All of the above
What is the primary defense against hypertonicity in the body?
Thirst and subsequent fluid intake
Which of the following conditions can cause hypernatremia?
Diabetes insipidus
Where is the majority of potassium found in the body?
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
What is the normal range of serum potassium concentration?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the consequence of excessive salt intoxication?
Hypertonicity
What is the main function of potassium in the body?
Regulating enzymatic function and neuromuscular tissue excitability
What is the primary function of the osmoregulatory system in relation to plasma sodium concentrations?
To maintain plasma sodium concentrations within a normal range
What would be a possible cause of an increase in serum sodium concentration?
Impaired sodium excretion
What hormone enhances the reabsorption of free water in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone
What is the term for a total body depletion of sodium?
Sodium starvation
What is the name of the hormone that increases the excretion of sodium in the kidneys?
Natriuretic hormone
What is the term for hyponatremia that occurs when the ECF compartment expands without an equivalent increase in sodium?
Dilutional hyponatremia
This quiz covers the balance of acid-base, electrolyte regulation, and the relationship between sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride concentrations in the human body.
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