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Acid-Base Balance and Electrolyte Regulation

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Acid-Base Balance and Electrolyte Regulation

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Questions and Answers

What is the normal range of chloride concentration in the ECF?

95–110 mEq/L (correct)

125–140 mEq/L

80–95 mEq/L

110–125 mEq/L

What is the primary reason for measuring serum chloride?

To validate the serum sodium concentration (correct)

To diagnose metabolic acidosis

To assess kidney function

To monitor electrolyte imbalance

What is often accompanied by an increased serum chloride concentration?

Electrolyte imbalance

Hypochloremia

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (correct)

Metabolic alkalosis

What can cause hypochloremia?

Excessive GI loss of chloride-rich fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the equation that describes the relationship between serum concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride?

Anion gap equation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperchloremia usually accompanied by?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defense against hypertonicity in the body?

Thirst and subsequent fluid intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause hypernatremia?

Diabetes insipidus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the majority of potassium found in the body?

Intracellular fluid (ICF) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of serum potassium concentration?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive salt intoxication?

Hypertonicity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of potassium in the body?

Regulating enzymatic function and neuromuscular tissue excitability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the osmoregulatory system in relation to plasma sodium concentrations?

To maintain plasma sodium concentrations within a normal range (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would be a possible cause of an increase in serum sodium concentration?

Impaired sodium excretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone enhances the reabsorption of free water in the kidneys?

Antidiuretic hormone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a total body depletion of sodium?

Sodium starvation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that increases the excretion of sodium in the kidneys?

Natriuretic hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hyponatremia that occurs when the ECF compartment expands without an equivalent increase in sodium?

Dilutional hyponatremia (D) Signup and view all the answers