Respiratory Physiology and Acid-Base Balance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the body attempting to do in response to acid accumulation?

Increase respiratory rate

Lower the PaCO3 level (correct)

Decrease respiratory rate

Maintain a constant PaCO3 level

What is indicated by a PaCO3 level of 30?

Basicity (correct)

Normality

Acidemia

Alkalemia

In acid-base balance, what is a likely response of the respiratory system?

Stimulation of kidney function

Hypoventilation

Retention of CO2

Hyperventilation (correct)

Which of the following scenarios would typically result in compensatory respiratory alkalosis?

Metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What physiological action helps to lower PaCO3 levels?

Increased breathing rate Signup and view all the answers

What principle drives diffusion?

The principle of moving from higher to lower concentration Signup and view all the answers

What role do type 2 pneumocytes have in the lungs?

They produce surfactant to reduce surface tension Signup and view all the answers

How do club cells contribute to lung function?

By helping keep airways open Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the movement of gases in the lungs?

Gases diffuse based on concentration gradients Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding diffusion is true?

Diffusion occurs from higher to lower concentration Signup and view all the answers

What condition might be noted in elderly persons as a potential risk factor?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What should be palpated to assess respiratory function?

Chest alignment and tenderness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of overdose?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) Signup and view all the answers

What physical sign might indicate respiratory distress during an examination?

Bulging of intercostal spaces Signup and view all the answers

In assessing an elderly patient, which of the following complications may require attention?

Renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if HCO3 is within normal limits in the context of acidosis?

The body is not addressing the acidosis. Signup and view all the answers

If HCO3 levels are within normal limits, what can be inferred about the body's response to acidosis?

The body is not taking action to correct the acidosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding HCO3 levels and acidosis?

Normal HCO3 levels indicate no compensatory mechanisms are in place. Signup and view all the answers

What might normal HCO3 levels suggest in a patient experiencing acidosis?

Lack of compensatory response to maintain acid-base balance. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of acidosis, what does a normal HCO3 level suggest about physiological changes?

Physiological changes are absent, indicating no compensation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic concept behind determining whether a metabolic system issue is respiratory or metabolic?

Checking the proximity of pH to the acidic boundary. Signup and view all the answers

At what pH level is the metabolic system considered at the boundary of acidity?

7.35 Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to differentiate between respiratory and metabolic issues in metabolic system evaluation?

Because treatment methods differ based on the issue. Signup and view all the answers

What does an assessment of pH levels below 7.35 indicate about the metabolic system?

It is showing signs of acidosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding metabolic evaluation?

Determining if a problem is metabolic requires analyzing blood pH levels. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the respiratory rate when blood becomes too acidic?

It increases to exhale more carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions increase in the blood when its acidity rises?

Hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of increasing the respiratory rate in response to acidic blood?

To expel excess carbon dioxide and reduce acidity. Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in hydrogen ions affect blood pH?

It lowers the pH, making the blood more acidic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following responses is NOT triggered by acidic blood?

Decrease in hydrogen ion concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology

The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and structures, responsible for respiration (gas exchange) with the external environment
It primarily provides the body's cells with oxygen (O2) for energy and removes carbon dioxide (CO2)
The system includes the upper and lower respiratory systems

Upper Respiratory System

It warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.
Structures include the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
The nose acts as the primary intake for air
The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air (using cilia and mucous membranes)
The paranasal sinuses (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary) contribute to voice resonance, reduce skull weight, and humidify/warm air
The pharynx (throat) is a common pathway for air and food, directing air from nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
Tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissue for immune defense
The larynx (voice box) contains vocal cords for sound production
The epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea Note: All structures in the upper respiratory system help to filter, warm, and humidify incoming air, preventing harm to the lower respiratory system

Lower Respiratory System

Facilitates gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the bloodstream.
Includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli
The trachea (windpipe) is a rigid tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi, lined with ciliated mucous membranes to remove foreign particles
The bronchi branch into smaller bronchioles, ultimately leading to alveoli for gas exchange
Lungs are the main organs. The right lung has 3 lobes; the left lung has two lobes (due to heart position)
Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled sacs where gas exchange takes place with capillaries
The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity, reducing friction during breathing
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs, crucial for breathing Note: These structures facilitate efficient gas exchange, maintaining oxygen levels and removing waste carbon dioxide.

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Description

Test your knowledge on respiratory physiology and the body's response to acid-base imbalances with this comprehensive quiz. Questions cover the functions of pneumocytes, club cells, and compensatory mechanisms in the respiratory system. Assess your understanding of key concepts related to gas diffusion and clinical signs of respiratory distress.