Accounts Department in Indian Railways
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Questions and Answers

Which department is primarily responsible for the 'Repair and Maintenance of Motive Power'?

  • Mech.Elec.EMUP-TL
  • Engg
  • All Depts
  • Mech/Elect (correct)

    • Which of the following is classified as a primary unit (object) of expenditure?

  • Pensionary benefit
  • Dividend Payment
  • Salaries and Wages (correct)
  • Repairs and Maintenance of Way and Works

    • What type of expenses are 'Excise duty paid/payable for purchase of materials', 'Customs duty paid/payable for purchase of materials' and 'Sales Tax paid/payable for purchase of materials' categorized under?

  • Adjustment of Wages
  • Office expenses
  • Travel expenses
  • Cost of materials (correct)

    • Which allowance is NOT a type of 'individual' expenditure?

    <p>Air Travel (Foreign)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which of the following categories would you find 'Rental for P&T telephone and call charges including Trunk calls'?

    <p>Office expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these categories encompasses the upkeep of railway tracks and related infrastructure?

    <p>Repairs and maintenance of Permanent way and Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Demand No. 11' specifically relate to?

    <p>Spending related to staff welfare and amenities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified under 'Operating Expenses'?

    <p>Operating Expenses-Fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category covers the cost of maintaining locomotives and their components?

    <p>Repairs and Maintenance of Motive Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is classified as an 'Appropriation to Funds'?

    <p>Money set aside for future needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of expenditure includes the cost of new train cars and infrastructure?

    <p>Acquisition Construction &amp; replacement of Assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these expenses is directly linked to the movement of goods and passengers?

    <p>Operating Expenses-traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following includes the provision for employee benefits after retirement?

    <p>Provident fund Pension and other Retirement benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not directly related to the upkeep of railway assets?

    <p>Dividend to General revenues repayment of loans taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'General superintendence and services on Railways' refer to?

    <p>Overall management and support functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the monthly expenditure review conducted by the Railway Board?

    <p>To control expenditure by comparing it to budget allotments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the 'Final Modification' review conducted in the railway budgeting process?

    <p>At the end of February</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Budget Order'?

    <p>A communication of budget allotments from the Railway Board after Parliament vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT permitted under the described budgetary guidelines?

    <p>Re-appropriating funds from plan heads like new lines to other projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Revised Estimate' during the railway budgetary exercise?

    <p>To review and adjust the current year's budget along with planning the next year's budget.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document supports the grant allocated to road services, according to the text?

    <p>An annexure showing state-wise investments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timing of the 'August Review' in the railway budgetary process?

    <p>It is performed during the month of August.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Railway Board manage the budget before the approval of supplementary grants?

    <p>By re-appropriating funds across railways and fixing revised allotments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the telegraphic modification statement that is called for from individual railways?

    <p>To get necessary modifications from the railway, before finalizing the budget.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of works expenditure, how many primary units are there according to the text?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant difficulty in building a budgetary structure for the Railways?

    <p>Government department constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to delays in the compilation of vital physical data?

    <p>Time-consuming data introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT included in the 'Repairs and Maintenance' category of grants?

    <p>Staff training costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total categories are the 16 Demands for Grants grouped under?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the categories for Demands for Grants?

    <p>Miscellaneous expenditure (General)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main recommendation regarding the ease of the system for lower formations?

    <p>The system should be easier to work with</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included under Operating expenses?

    <p>Fuel costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Grant No.5 primarily cover?

    <p>Expenditure on steam locomotives and related services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which performance unit is associated with Grant No.6?

    <p>Number of wagons repaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of staff statement is included in Grants 4, 5, and 6?

    <p>No. of staff by activity for Groups C and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grant covers maintenance of signaling and telecommunication equipment?

    <p>Grant No.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the performance units for Grant No.7?

    <p>No. of machinery and No. of trains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Grant No.8 signify in terms of credit?

    <p>Represents overall receipts from freight and other activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the expenditures covered by Grant No.6?

    <p>Periodical overhauls and special repairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is performance in Grant No.5 assessed?

    <p>Through the number of direct staff involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is not included under Grant No.8?

    <p>Repairs of electric locomotives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the key difference between the budgeting process under the current system and the proposed Zero Base Budgeting system?

    <p>The current system focuses on incremental adjustments to the previous year's budget, while Zero Base Budgeting requires a fresh evaluation of every expenditure from scratch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following is NOT a primary unit of expenditure?

    <p>Efficiency of Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best summarizes the role of the DRM (Divisional Railway Manager) in the budgeting process?

    <p>The DRM oversees the budget process within the Division, coordinating with HODs and ensuring the budget aligns with targets for efficiency and service delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of introducing Zero Base Budgeting in Indian Railways?

    <p>To create a more transparent and accountable budgeting process, enhancing reporting to management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Zero Base Budgeting differ from the existing budgeting system in Railways?

    <p>Zero Base Budgeting stresses the need to justify every expenditure from its base value, while the current system assumes existing expenditures and adjusts based on changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most significant change in the financial administration of Railways in India in 1923?

    <p>The appointment of the Financial Commissioner for Railways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for separating railway finances from general finances?

    <p>To prevent violent fluctuations in general finances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year marked a significant reorganization of the Railway Board as suggested by the Acworth Committee?

    <p>1923</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personnel were primarily responsible for accounting and auditing before the establishment of the Financial Commissioner for Railways?

    <p>Accountant General of the Public Works Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a unique characteristic of the financial structure of Indian Railways compared to other financial demands?

    <p>Only 2 demands came from the railway sector out of 100 general demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component was NOT involved in the initial structure of railway administrations in India?

    <p>Financial Commissioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which committee's recommendations led to a re-organization of the Railway Board?

    <p>The Acworth Committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main divisions of the Consolidated Fund of India as per the railway accounts?

    <p>Revenue, Capital and Debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the Government accounts is primarily concerned with unforeseen expenditures?

    <p>Contingency Fund of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must every officer authorize to ensure compliance with financial propriety?

    <p>Strict adherence to financial rules and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the Public Accounts of India records loans and advances made by the Government?

    <p>Debt and Deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of revenue for Railways as described in the content?

    <p>Traffic earnings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should every officer handle expenditures from public moneys according to the canons of financial propriety?

    <p>With strict financial order and economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the government accounts encompasses adjustments like transfers between accounting circles?

    <p>Public Accounts of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key principles outlined in Rule 21 of the General Financial Rules?

    <p>High standards of financial propriety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of financial reports prepared at the close of the financial year in railway accounts?

    <p>Profit and loss accounting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following powers cannot be delegated by the General Managers?

    <p>Sanction of contracts exceeding a certain value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elemental requirement is NOT part of a valid contract?

    <p>Written documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification of powers do General Managers possess?

    <p>Negative powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario illustrates an illegal contract?

    <p>A contract signed under duress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a tender notice?

    <p>To invite submissions from potential contractors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of engaging agencies, what is essential for managers to understand?

    <p>Basic elements of a contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a counter-offer?

    <p>An offer that modifies the terms of the original offer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'consideration' refer to in contract law?

    <p>The benefit exchanged between parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the acceptance of contract proposals?

    <p>Acceptance can be implied through actions alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contracts are organizations increasingly engaging in due to privatization?

    <p>Service contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of requiring tender parties to submit standing earnest money?

    <p>To allow tender parties to bypass individual tenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance is the single tender system most appropriately used?

    <p>When urgent completion is required and time for tendering is limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stages must be completed before calling tenders?

    <p>Sanctioning of the detailed estimate by the competent authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor must be taken into account when deciding the mode of tendering?

    <p>The financial interest of the railways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for a party to be registered for tendering?

    <p>Submission of credentials for verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can typically be expected regarding the rates in a single tendering process?

    <p>They are usually higher than other modes of tendering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an accounts officer play in the tendering committee?

    <p>They evaluate the financial standing of potential bidders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the verification of credentials for tender registration?

    <p>The parties are registered under various categories based on work value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common requirement for agencies before entering into contracts?

    <p>Sanctioned budgets for future liabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of work is most likely to require a higher sanction in the tendering process?

    <p>Urgent work that cannot wait for the standard tendering process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective behind the appointment of the Financial Commissioner in 1923?

    <p>To ensure both economy in expenditure and coordination with general financial policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Separation Convention of 1924 in the context of railway finance?

    <p>It separated Railway finances from the General Finances of the Government of India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who holds the ultimate authority to sanction Railway expenditure, subject to the general control of the Finance Minister?

    <p>The Financial Commissioner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a disagreement between the Financial Commissioner and other members of the Railway Board, what recourse does the Financial Commissioner have?

    <p>The Financial Commissioner has the right to refer the matter to the Finance Minister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role was replaced by the Controller of Railway Accounts and Director of Railway Audit in the evolution of the financial systems of Indian Railways?

    <p>The Auditor General (AG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which officer reports to the General Manager (GM) according to the provided text?

    <p>The Chief Accounts Officer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Executive Directors in the context of the Railway Board's financial organization?

    <p>To Head the various directorates of Finance at the Railway Board.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be classified under 'Other expenses'?

    <p>Unspecified or miscellaneous operational costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of expense is 'Transfer of debits' generally associated with?

    <p>Adjustments between different accounting ledgers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'Adjustment of Wages on POH and other repairs from WMS account to Revenue Heads' ?

    <p>Reallocation of costs from a workshop account to revenue expenditure categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following expense categories includes the cost of 'Air Travel sanctioned in lieu of privilege passes'?

    <p>Air Travel Expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which category would fees paid to external consultants or experts be classified?

    <p>Fees and honoraria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to 1978-79, how were Demands for Grants presented to Parliament in relation to the initial accounting?

    <p>Consolidated from all Abstracts under specific Sub Heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key difficulty with the pre-1978-79 budgeting system as it relates to executive departments?

    <p>They were unable to estimate their total expenditure under different demands, requiring further consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the current system, what does Demand No. 4 primarily represent?

    <p>Repairs and Maintenance of Way and Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch is primarily associated with Demand No.4, according to the current system’s structure?

    <p>The Engineering Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'over capitalization' relate to in the context of railway budget?

    <p>Excess funding for railway assets acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of 'Abstract A' in the pre-1978-79 budgeting structure?

    <p>Maintenance of structural works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to the restructuring, how did the Demands for Grants relate to the initial expenditure accounts?

    <p>They required further consolidation of data from abstracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these categories is NOT specified as a component within the Demands for Grants?

    <p>Depreciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the largest component of working expenses according to the options in the text?

    <p>Retirement benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which budgetary demand covers plant and equipment for the Engineering Branch?

    <p>Demand No. 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the described budgeting process, where should the budgeting originate from?

    <p>The lowest subordinate executing the physical work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when budgeting for works grants?

    <p>Physical targets for various works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of consolidating data at the sub-divisional or divisional level?

    <p>To compare with statistical data and review justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main factors to consider when creating a budget for works grants?

    <p>Availability of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the technical element of the budgeting process within the Engineering Branch?

    <p>Technical supervision and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following review processes looks at additional available information during the year?

    <p>The August review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage where middle management decisions are made regarding ways of working?

    <p>After consolidations at the sub-divisional or divisional level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of traditional budgeting techniques according to the text?

    <p>They do not delve deep into the physical targets for the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of correlating the method of accounting and compilation of the annual budget?

    <p>Maintaining technical direction and supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department is responsible for the 'Repair and Maintenance of Carriage and Wagon'?

    <p>Mech.Elec.EMUP-TL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Demand '7' primarily cover?

    <p>Repair and Maintenance of Plant and Equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these activities is primarily under the purview of the 'Optg/Comml' department?

    <p>Operating Expenditure (Traffic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Demand No. 10 is associated with which of the following expenses?

    <p>Operating Expenditure (Fuel)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department would be responsible for 'Repair and Maintenance of Motive Power'?

    <p>Mech/Elect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of expenses are covered under Demand No. 9?

    <p>Operating Expenditure (Traffic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a primary responsibility of the 'Engg' department?

    <p>Repair and Maintenance of Way and Works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a railway needed to budget for costs of new train cars, which of these departments would most likely NOT be involved?

    <p>Optg/Comml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demand number is most likely to include the cost of maintaining signals and telecommunication equipment on trains and tracks?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most closely related to Demand 12?

    <p>Miscellaneous Working Expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Accounts Department Contents

    • Functions of Accounts Department (pages 8-12)
    • Canons of Financial Propriety (page 13)
    • Statutory Audit (pages 13-15)
    • Accounts Inspection of Executive Offices (pages 15-16)
    • Schedule of Powers (pages 16-17)
    • Tenders & Contracts (pages 17-27)
    • Budgeting on Railways (pages 27-28)
    • Demands for Grants (pages 28-38)
    • Budgetary Exercise (pages 38-40)
    • Budget Documents (pages 40-41)
    • Budget Cycle (pages 41-42)
    • Structure of Railway Budget (pages 43-45)
    • Primary Units (Objects) of expenditure (pages 46-52)
    • Traffic earnings (pages 53-54)
    • Various Funds maintained by the Indian Railways (pages 55-56)
    • Internal check of expenditure (pages 56-63)
    • Cash Imprest (pages 63-64)
    • Earning Accountal (pages 64-66)
    • Role of TIA (pages 67-69)

    Historical Background

    • There were 33 separate Railway administrations in India.
    • Railway finances were initially part of the General Finances.
    • The appointment of a Financial Commissioner for Railways in 1923 signified a landmark in financial administration on Indian Railways.
    • The Acworth Committee (1921) recommended separating Railway finances from General Finances, leading to the Separation Convention of 1924.
    • Separating Railway finances from general finances helped stabilize general financial fluctuations.

    Evolution of Financial Systems of Indian Railways

    • Railway finance was initially part of the Finance department.
    • A Financial Commissioner was appointed in 1923.
    • The Accountant General (AG) was replaced by Controller of Railway Accounts.
    • Railway accounts were brought under the General Manager (GM).
    • A distinct Finance branch under the FA&CAO was established.
    • This evolution aimed for better financial management and control.

    Functions of Accounts Department

    • Keeping railway accounts according to prescribed rules.
    • Internal checking of railway receipts and expenditures.
    • Providing financial advice.
    • Compiling the budget.
    • Maintaining financial propriety, specifically following established rules.

    Canons of Financial Propriety

    • Officers authorizing expenditure must adhere to high financial standards.
    • Strict economy and observance of financial rules and regulations are expected.
    • Expenditure should not exceed the occasion's needs, and should be fair.
    • No authority should act directly or indirectly to its benefit.
    • Expenditures shouldn't be for one person or group unless in accordance with policy or custom.
    • Allowances should not profit recipients.
    • Officers must demonstrate vigilance with their own funds as a standard.

    Statutory Audit

    • The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) is responsible for auditing union and state accounts.
    • The CAG's duties include auditing all expenditure from the consolidated fund.
    • The CAG audits union and state transactions regarding contingency funds.
    • Audits of trading, manufacturing, profit, and loss accounts, and balance sheets for union and state departments are also CAG responsibilities.
    • The CAG's role is to ensure financial propriety through audits.

    CAG's Organizational Structure

    • The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) oversees all audit offices under the union or state.
    • The CAG has a Deputy CAG for Railways.
    • Railway audits have Principal Directors, Deputy Directors, and Audit Officers in different divisions/workshops.
    • Communications from audit in the form of reports include part I (major) and part II (minor) audit inspection reports, with specific reporting procedures.
    • This structure ensures a system for checking financial transactions, upholding accountability, and upholding financial regulations.

    Accounts Inspection of Executive Offices

    • Internal check ensures that records are kept accurately by executive officers.
    • Internal check verifies that returns sent to accounts are based on correct records.
    • Inspection is scheduled in accordance with a pre-set programme.
    • The executive is informed about the findings of the inspection.
    • This system prevents financial irregularities and improves accountability by verifying documentation.

    General Managers' Negative Powers

    • General Managers have delegated negative powers relating to financial decisions, per Finance Code Vol 1.
    • General Managers require prior sanction from the Railway Board for actions not in their negative power list.
    • This system allows for quick decision-making on certain matters while ensuring proper authorization.

    Tenders and Contracts

    • Contract elements include minimum two parties, a lawful object, and free consent.
    • Tender notices are invitations to offer, not offers themselves.
    • Private sector contract processes often differ substantially from public sector processes.
    • The process must be transparent and uphold government guidelines.

    Various Stages of Tender Process

    • The competent authority sanctions a detailed estimate before calling tenders.
    • Budget availability should be confirmed for fulfilling contractual liabilities.
    • Tender documents with detailed plans, designs, specifications, and work conditions are finalized and made available for sale.
    • The appropriate method of tendering is selected, considering financial interest.
    • Publicizing the tender process creates fair competition for public contracts.
    • Tender boxes are sealed at the stipulated time.
    • Specific procedures must be followed for tenders received before or after the due time.
    • A detailed record of delayed or late tenders is maintained. Methods for handling and recording variations in tenders are also included.

    Earnest Money and Security Deposit

    • Earnest money ensures seriousness of tenderers and discourages frivolous bids.
    • Security deposit is to ensure fulfillment of contractual obligations and is deducted from running bills for successful companies
    • Successful companies receive their earnest money back after fulfilling contractual obligations.
    • Procedures for refunding and handling earnest money and security deposits, including specific procedures for handling waivers.

    Demands for Grants

    • Railway's expenditure is either "voted" or "charged".
    • Voted expenditure needs Parliamentary approval and charged expenditure needs President's sanction.
    • Demands for Grants are presented in 16 forms, each detailing particular departments and their expenses.

    Budget Cycle

    • The budget process starts with a preliminary estimate.
    • The initial estimate is refined through various reviews, including August Review and Final Modification.
    • Budgetary decisions are typically made in advance for each fiscal year, considering historical trends and potential changes.
    • The budget process encompasses a range of documents, communications, and review mechanisms.
    • The budget cycle includes specific timeframes for different stages.

    Structure of Railway Budget

    • Categorizes demands based on expenses and various railway activities.
    • Each demand is associated with specific railway activities and related expenses.
    • The activities represented in the structure are associated with related expenses.
    • There is a clear outline for how various processes and activities are structured for maximum efficiency, with particular attention paid to how these fit into overall accounting.

    Revenue Abstracts

    • Summarizes railway activities and related expenses.
    • Shows the relationships between railway activities and the various departments responsible, using a structured format.
    • This detailed view of revenue sources and associated expenses provides a comprehensive overview, with consideration to any departmental differences.

    Primary Units (Objects of Expenditure)

    • Contains various specific objects for expenditure of both railway works and operational departments.
    • Includes details of salaries, wages, allowances, and other operational expenses, including details on various allowances.
    • This categorization provides a detailed breakdown of costs, for planning and controlling expenditure.

    Internal Check of Expenditure

    • Internal checks ensure adherence to rules, orders, and financial propriety.
    • Internal controls ensure a balance between authority and accountability by controlling transactions at various stages.
    • Pre-checks against expenditure are reviewed before payments can be processed to prevent fraudulent behaviour and reduce costs.
    • The need for internal checks, including post-checks.

    Earnings Accountal

    • The Traffic Accounts office is responsible for recording and processing railway earnings.
    • Earnings accounts are tracked by cash, vouchers, and remittance notes, using distinct books for particular transactions.
    • Data transfer to the cash office via a formal process is part of the accounting process.
    • Internal checks also ensure accounting accuracy for earnings.

    Role of TIA (Travelling Inspector)

    • TIAs are responsible for checking initial documents, educating station staff, and conducting surprise audits, including specific duties and responsibilities.
    • TIAs collaborate with other departments for investigations and special inquiries.
    • TIAs serve as an extension to the Traffic Accounts Office, maintaining presence in various field offices.
    • TIAs play a critical role in maintaining revenue, preventing fraud, and upholding the integrity of railway operations in the field.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the various functions and responsibilities of the Accounts Department in the Indian Railways. Topics include budgeting, statutory audits, and internal checks on expenditure, among others. Test your knowledge on the financial principles and practices specific to railway operations.

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