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What is a dangerous consequence of anorexia nervosa?
What is a dangerous consequence of anorexia nervosa?
Individuals with bulimia nervosa engage in binge-eating followed by purging behaviors.
Individuals with bulimia nervosa engage in binge-eating followed by purging behaviors.
True
What is the primary difference between the restricting type and the binge/purge type of anorexia nervosa?
What is the primary difference between the restricting type and the binge/purge type of anorexia nervosa?
The restricting type does not involve binge-eating or purging, while the binge/purge type includes those behaviors.
People with binge-eating disorder often eat _____ when not physically hungry.
People with binge-eating disorder often eat _____ when not physically hungry.
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Match the following eating disorder types with their characteristics:
Match the following eating disorder types with their characteristics:
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What are common psychological factors associated with eating disorders?
What are common psychological factors associated with eating disorders?
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Obesity is classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5-TR.
Obesity is classified as a mental disorder in DSM-5-TR.
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What is one effective psychotherapy treatment for anorexia nervosa?
What is one effective psychotherapy treatment for anorexia nervosa?
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Common complications of bulimia nervosa include _____ imbalance leading to heart failure.
Common complications of bulimia nervosa include _____ imbalance leading to heart failure.
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Which of the following is not a treatment for eating disorders?
Which of the following is not a treatment for eating disorders?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Eating Disorders
- Eating disorders involve disturbances in eating behaviors, emotions, and thoughts
- Can affect physical and emotional well-being
- Examples: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
- Characterized by self-starvation, significant weight loss, and fear of gaining weight
- Two subtypes:
- Restricting type: Refuses to eat, engages in excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
- Binge/purge type: Engages in binge eating, followed by purging behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting, laxatives)
- Dangerous consequences: cardiovascular complications, stomach expansion, weak bones, kidney damage, impaired immune system, and suicide
Bulimia Nervosa
- Characterized by binge eating followed by purging behaviors to prevent weight gain
- Purging behaviors include self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or other medications, fasting, and excessive exercise
- Can lead to electrolyte imbalance, heart failure, and suicide
Binge-Eating Disorder
- Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors
- Accompanied by feelings of disgust, depression, or guilt, and often leads to obesity
- Depression is a common comorbidity
Table 2 Comparison of Eating Disorders
- Eating disorders vary on several characteristics, including:
- Body weight
- Body image
- Bingeing
- Purging or other compensatory behaviors
- Sense of lack of control over eating
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders
- Partial-syndrome eating disorders that do not meet the full criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
- Atypical anorexia nervosa: Meets all criteria for anorexia nervosa, but weight is within or above normal range
- Bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration: Meets criteria for bulimia nervosa, but binge eating and purging occur less than once a week and/or for less than 3 months
- Night eating syndrome: Regularly eating excessive amounts of food into the night after dinner
Obesity
- Not a DSM-5-TR diagnosis, but associated with some mental disorders
- Defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or over
- Associated with increased risk of:
- Coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke
- Type 2 diabetes and cancer
- Low quality of life and emotional problems
- Causes:
- Living in a toxic food environment
- Lack of exercise
Understanding Eating Disorders: Biological Factors
- Genetic factors
- Changes during puberty in girls
- Imbalance or dysregulation of neurochemicals
- Abnormalities in hormone levels and systems regulating serotonin
Understanding Eating Disorders: Sociocultural and Psychological Factors
- Social pressures and cultural norms promoting thinness
- Social media and body dissatisfaction
- Athletes and eating disorders
- Cognitive factors:
- Low self-esteem
- Wanting to please others
- Dichotomous thinking style (“all-or-nothing” thinking)
- Emotion regulation difficulties and disordered eating patterns
- Family dynamics:
- Difficulty with separation and individuation from family
- Family with eating disorder
- Low parental warmth and high parental demands
Treatments for Eating Disorders
- Psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Family therapy
- Psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder:
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
- Supportive-expressive psychodynamic therapy
- Behavioral therapy
- Biological therapies:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (reduce binge-eating and purging behaviors)
- Antidepressants (used to treat anorexia nervosa and result in reduction of symptoms)
- Antipsychotics (lead to increases in weight in people with anorexia nervosa)
- Antiepileptic medications and obesity medications
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Description
Test your understanding of abnormal psychology with this 9th edition quiz, covering topics related to psychological disorders and anomalies.
