Understanding Abnormal Psychology Part 1

Study Notes

According to the Humoral Theory of Disorders, yellow bile is associated with cheerfulness and optimism.
An episodic course of a disorder means that it will improve without treatment in a relatively short period but has a high risk of recurrence.
Psychiatrists' medical training enables them to prescribe medications.
The main difference between Psy.D. and Ph.D. programs is that Psy.D. programs focus on clinical training with minimal research, while Ph.D. programs integrate both clinical and research training.
Scientist-practitioners in the field of psychology keep up with scientific developments and apply knowledge in practice.
One of the treatments for mental illness during the Middle Ages was shaving a cross pattern on the victim's head.
Johann Weyer is considered the founder of modern psychiatry during the time of witchcraft in Europe.
According to Hippocrates, psychological disorders might be caused by brain pathology or head trauma.
Manfred Sakel used large doses of insulin in the 1930s for mental illness treatment.
Distress or impairment in the context of psychological disorders indicates extreme upset and inability to function properly.

A key principle of Moral Therapy is treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible.
Franz Anton Mesmer proposed the concept of animal magnetism to explain psychological problems.
Freud and Breuer discovered the concept of catharsis through their hypnotic procedure.
The defense mechanism that involves unconsciously blocking unpleasant emotions or thoughts from awareness is repression.
Hans Selye developed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
The key difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning is that Classical conditioning pairs neutral stimuli with responses, while Operant conditioning involves consequences of behavior.
John B. Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism.
Autosomes are chromosomes that do not determine sex.
In the Diathesis-Stress Model, diathesis refers to a genetic tendency.

A biological contribution to anxiety is low levels of serotonin.
Behaviorists view anxiety as a product of learning.
Separation Anxiety Disorder must be ruled out if fear or anxiety is exclusively related to specific agoraphobic situations.
A common characteristic of the worry experienced by individuals with Separation Anxiety Disorder is worry about losing major attachment figures.
Symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder must last at least 4 weeks.
A key feature of Specific Phobia is marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation.
Aerophobia is the fear of flying.
Selective Mutism is characterized by the failure to speak in certain social situations due to a lack of comfort with the spoken language.
The disturbance in Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) must be evident before age 5 years.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) primarily manifests in children through overly familiar and indiscriminate behavior toward unfamiliar adults.