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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of abnormal psychology?
Which category of abnormal behavior would include disorders such as autism and ADHD?
What is the primary emphasis of the biological model of abnormality?
What is the primary characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Which category of personality disorders is characterized by odd, eccentric behavior?
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What is the primary characteristic of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of abnormal behavior?
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What is the primary advantage of comprehensive treatment approaches in abnormal psychology?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Psychology
Definition and Classification
- Abnormal psychology is the study of unusual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from societal norms and expectations.
- Abnormal behavior is classified into different categories, including:
- Mental disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, schizophrenia)
- Personality disorders (e.g., borderline, antisocial)
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism, ADHD)
Models of Abnormality
- Biological model: emphasizes the role of genetic and neurobiological factors in abnormal behavior.
- Psychological model: focuses on the role of learning, environment, and psychological factors.
- Sociocultural model: considers the impact of cultural and social factors on abnormal behavior.
Anxiety Disorders
- Generalized anxiety disorder: excessive and persistent worry about everyday things.
- Phobias: irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities.
- Panic disorder: recurrent panic attacks, often accompanied by agoraphobia (fear of public places).
Mood Disorders
- Major depressive disorder: persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
- Bipolar disorder: alternating periods of mania and depression.
Personality Disorders
- Cluster A: odd, eccentric behavior (e.g., paranoid, schizoid)
- Cluster B: dramatic, emotional behavior (e.g., borderline, histrionic)
- Cluster C: anxious, fearful behavior (e.g., avoidant, obsessive-compulsive)
Schizophrenia
- Positive symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior.
- Negative symptoms: flattened affect, apathy, social withdrawal.
Treatment Approaches
- Biological treatments: medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
- Psychological treatments: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychoanalysis.
- Comprehensive treatment: combines multiple approaches, including therapy, medication, and social support.
Abnormal Psychology
Definition and Classification
- Abnormal psychology is the study of unusual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from societal norms and expectations.
- Abnormal behavior is classified into three categories: mental disorders, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Models of Abnormality
Biological Model
- Emphasizes the role of genetic and neurobiological factors in abnormal behavior.
Psychological Model
- Focuses on the role of learning, environment, and psychological factors.
Sociocultural Model
- Considers the impact of cultural and social factors on abnormal behavior.
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Characterized by excessive and persistent worry about everyday things.
Phobias
- Irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities.
Panic Disorder
- Recurrent panic attacks, often accompanied by agoraphobia (fear of public places).
Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
Bipolar Disorder
- Alternating periods of mania and depression.
Personality Disorders
Cluster A
- Characterized by odd, eccentric behavior (e.g., paranoid, schizoid).
Cluster B
- Characterized by dramatic, emotional behavior (e.g., borderline, histrionic).
Cluster C
- Characterized by anxious, fearful behavior (e.g., avoidant, obsessive-compulsive).
Schizophrenia
- Characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior) and negative symptoms (flattened affect, apathy, social withdrawal).
Treatment Approaches
Biological Treatments
- Medication and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are used to treat abnormal behavior.
Psychological Treatments
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoanalysis are used to treat abnormal behavior.
Comprehensive Treatment
- Combines multiple approaches, including therapy, medication, and social support, to treat abnormal behavior.
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Description
Understanding unusual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, including mental disorders, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Explore the models of abnormality, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural models.
