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वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राचा दुसरा काय नाव आहे?
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राचा दुसरा काय नाव आहे?
वर्तनवाद
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राचा कोणत्या घटकांवर भर देतो?
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राचा कोणत्या घटकांवर भर देतो?
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्र आत्मनिरीक्षणाला वैध पद्धत मानते.
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्र आत्मनिरीक्षणाला वैध पद्धत मानते.
False
पाॅव्हलॉव्हच्या कुत्र्यांच्या प्रयोगात, कोणता उत्तेजक घंटा होता?
पाॅव्हलॉव्हच्या कुत्र्यांच्या प्रयोगात, कोणता उत्तेजक घंटा होता?
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वर्तनवादी सिद्धांतात, कोणता घटक वर्तनाची शक्यता वाढवतो?
वर्तनवादी सिद्धांतात, कोणता घटक वर्तनाची शक्यता वाढवतो?
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नकारात्मक बळकटी ही एक अवांछित उत्तेजनाची निकासी आहे.
नकारात्मक बळकटी ही एक अवांछित उत्तेजनाची निकासी आहे.
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ऑपरेण्ट अभिसंधान तंत्रांचा वापर कोणत्या क्षेत्रात केला जातो?
ऑपरेण्ट अभिसंधान तंत्रांचा वापर कोणत्या क्षेत्रात केला जातो?
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सामाजिक अभिसंधान सिद्धांत कोणी मांडला?
सामाजिक अभिसंधान सिद्धांत कोणी मांडला?
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सामाजिक अभिसंधान सिद्धांतातील कोणत्या संकल्पनेत दुसऱ्यांचे वर्तन, वृत्ती आणि भावनात्मक प्रतिसाद पाहून शिकणे समाविष्ट आहे?
सामाजिक अभिसंधान सिद्धांतातील कोणत्या संकल्पनेत दुसऱ्यांचे वर्तन, वृत्ती आणि भावनात्मक प्रतिसाद पाहून शिकणे समाविष्ट आहे?
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वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राच्या तत्त्वांचा वापर कोणत्या क्षेत्रात केला जातो?
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राच्या तत्त्वांचा वापर कोणत्या क्षेत्रात केला जातो?
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वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राची टीका करणारे मानसिक प्रक्रियेच्या महत्वाला दुर्लक्ष करतात असे म्हणतात.
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राची टीका करणारे मानसिक प्रक्रियेच्या महत्वाला दुर्लक्ष करतात असे म्हणतात.
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वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राची टीका करणारे ते अशा प्रकारे वर्तन दर्शवितात की मानव पर्यावरणाच्या उत्तेजनांचे पासिव्ह ग्राहक असतात.
वर्तनवादी मानसशास्त्राची टीका करणारे ते अशा प्रकारे वर्तन दर्शवितात की मानव पर्यावरणाच्या उत्तेजनांचे पासिव्ह ग्राहक असतात.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Behavioral Psychology
- Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors.
- It emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behavior, rather than internal mental states.
- Key figures in behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner.
- This perspective rejects introspection as a valid method for studying the mind.
Classical Conditioning
- Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response.
- The neutral stimulus eventually comes to elicit a similar response as the naturally occurring stimulus.
- Pavlov's dogs are a classic example: a neutral stimulus (a bell) is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus (food), leading to the bell eventually eliciting a salivation response (originally triggered by food).
- Key components of classical conditioning include:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Naturally triggers a response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The natural response to the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Originally neutral stimulus, becomes associated with the UCS.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Learned response to the CS.
- Classical conditioning principles are applied in various therapeutic settings, such as treating phobias and anxieties.
Operant Conditioning
- Operant conditioning is a learning process where behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.
- A key aspect is the role of reinforcement and punishment in modifying behavior.
- B.F. Skinner was a prominent proponent of operant conditioning.
- Reinforcers increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. These can be:
- Positive reinforcement: Presenting a desirable stimulus.
- Negative reinforcement: Removing an aversive stimulus.
- Punishments decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. These can be:
- Positive punishment: Presenting an aversive stimulus.
- Negative punishment: Removing a desirable stimulus.
- Operant conditioning techniques are frequently used in training animals and shaping human behavior in various settings, such as schools and workplaces.
Social Learning Theory
- Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observation and imitation in learning.
- Individuals learn by observing others' behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions. This is more complex than classical or operant conditioning.
- Key concepts include:
- Modeling: Learning via observing and imitating others.
- Observational learning: Acquiring new behaviors, information, or attitudes via observing others.
- Self-efficacy: Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
- Social learning theory recognizes the influence of cognitive processes (beliefs, expectations) on learning.
Applications of Behavioral Psychology
- Behavioral principles are used across varied fields, including:
- Therapy: Treating phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other psychological challenges.
- Education: Developing effective teaching strategies, modifying classroom behavior.
- Parenting: Reinforcing desired behaviors in children, managing challenging behaviors.
- Workplace: Motivating employees, managing performance.
- Animal training: Shaping animal behavior using rewards and consequences.
- These applications leverage the understanding of classical and operant conditioning, as well as social learning theory.
Critiques of Behavioral Psychology
- Critiques of behaviorism include:
- Ignoring internal mental processes: Critics argue that internal mental states (thoughts, feelings, emotions) play a significant role in shaping behavior, neglected by the theory.
- Oversimplification of human behavior: The theory is criticized for underestimating the complexity of human behavior, viewing individuals as passive recipients of environmental stimuli.
- Ethical concerns: Concerns raised regarding using animal models or applying behavioral strategies with humans in unethical ways.
- Recent developments in psychology have integrated aspects of behavioral perspective with other psychological approaches.
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Description
या क्विझमध्ये आवृत्तीवादी मनोविज्ञानाची ओळख आणि क्लासिकल कंडीशनिंगचा अभ्यास केला जाईल. संज्ञानात्मक मनोविज्ञानाच्या पलीकडे जाऊन, ही पद्धत पर्यावरणाच्या प्रभावावर लक्ष केंद्रित करते. पाव्लोवच्या कुत्र्यांची उदाहरणे आणि यातील मुख्य घटकांची माहिती दिली जाईल.
