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Questions and Answers
What is the total dose required for a 140 lb patient if the required amount is 28 mg/kg bodyweight?
Calculate the mass percent of fat in a candy bar that contains 12 g fat, 26 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein, and 4 g of other material.
If an antacid tablet weighs 1.36 g, and the percent active ingredient of calcium carbonate is 38.2%, what is the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet?
Which quantity measures the amount of space occupied by an object?
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Matter is nearly incompressible in which of these states?
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Which element is in period 4 and group 7B in the periodic table?
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Which combination of elements represents only macronutrients?
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What is the passing mark for the course Chem 113?
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Which combination of elements represents only micronutrients?
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Which chemical structure is NOT part of atomic structure in chemistry?
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What type of reaction is characterized by the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones?
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Which micronutrient has an important role in thyroid hormones?
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Which micronutrient is found in hemoglobin?
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Which type of fat is considered unhealthy and is associated with increased health risks?
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What is the general designation for main-group elements in the periodic table?
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What are the fundamental units of genetic information in living organisms?
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Which type of mixture has a uniform composition throughout?
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What separates metals from nonmetals in the periodic table?
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How many periods are there in the periodic table?
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What characterizes a covalent bond?
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What is a characteristic of acids in relation to the pH scale?
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What is the SI or metric equivalent of 1 pound in kilograms?
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How many fluid ounces are there in 1 cup?
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If a measurement result is highlighted in a lab report, what does it indicate?
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Which of the following is true regarding the conversion from inches to centimeters?
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What is the equivalent volume of 1 quart in liters?
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Which unit is used to measure mass in the U.S. customary system?
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What is the metric equivalent of 1 mile in kilometers?
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How many teaspoons are there in 1 fluid ounce?
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Which of the following correctly defines a pure substance?
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What is the smallest unit of an element?
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Which of the following statements about a heterogeneous mixture is true?
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Which of the following is an example of a compound?
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What type of mixture is sugar water classified as?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of elements?
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Which option best describes the composition of air?
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In the Bohr model, which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
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Study Notes
Why Nursing Students Need Chemistry
- Nursing students need chemistry to understand bodily processes at the cellular level.
- Chemistry helps understand physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.
- It explains how cells produce energy, how the body breathes, and how blood types work.
- Overall, chemistry helps understand how body systems work together.
Basic Chemistry
- Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass.
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Pure Substances: elements or compounds
- Elements: Simplest type of matter, made of one atom type.
- Compounds: Two or more elements chemically combined.
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Mixtures: Combinations of substances that can be separated.
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Uniform composition throughout.
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Non-uniform composition.
Atoms
- All matter is made of atoms.
- Bohr Model: Features a nucleus with neutrons (no charge) and protons (positive charge).
- Electrons orbit the nucleus, carrying a negative charge.
Periodic Table
- Periods: Horizontal rows, numbered 1-7.
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Groups: Vertical columns.
- Main-group elements: designated with A letters.
- Transition elements: designated with B letters.
- IUPAC numbering from 1-18 can also be used.
- The line between metals and nonmetals is staircase-shaped.
- Elements bordering the line, except aluminum (Al), are metalloids.
Essential Elements
- Macronutrients needed in large quantities (>100 mg/day): carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, chlorine.
- Micronutrients needed in smaller quantities (<100 mg/day): iodine, fluorine, iron, zinc, and other elements.
Measuring Matter
- Health professionals use SI (metric) units with familiarity of U.S. Customary units.
- Precision and Accuracy: Crucial in taking measurements, involving multiple measurements and averaging them.
Lab Reports
- Patient results are given with normal values.
- Out-of-range results are highlighted.
- Units vary, mostly metric.
- Deciliter (dL) = 1/10 of a Liter = 100 mL.
States of Matter
- Solid: Definite shape and volume, nearly incompressible.
- Liquid: Indefinite shape, definite volume.
- Gas: Indefinite shape and volume.
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