ORAL COM

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of the transactional model of communication?

It requires communicators to be in the same place. (correct)

It does not include feedback mechanisms.

There is a significant time delay in communication.

It involves one-way communication.

Which model emphasizes the role of the field of experience in communication?

Wood's model

White's model

Interactional model

Schramm's model (correct)

Which type of communication is characterized by delayed interaction between sender and receiver?

Schramm's model

Transactional model

White's model

Interactional model (correct)

What function of communication is primarily focused on managing the behavior of others?

Regulation Signup and view all the answers

Which activity involves a formal exchange between two parties?

Interviewing Signup and view all the answers

In the context of oral communication, what is the main objective of 'motivation'?

To change opinions and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice in social interaction?

Monopolize the conversation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of speech writing in oral communication activities?

To prepare for formal conversations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the receiver in the communication process?

Decoding the message and providing feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of encoding?

Translating thoughts or ideas into words or actions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of noise is characterized by physical environmental challenges?

Physical noise Signup and view all the answers

What impact does cultural noise have on communication?

It reflects differing perceptions and communication styles across cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What defines feedback in the communication process?

The reply of the receiver to the message Signup and view all the answers

Which element is responsible for ideating or creating the message in communication?

Speaker Signup and view all the answers

What type of noise is associated with internal distractions like anger or happiness?

Psychological noise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the context of communication?

It is the surrounding environment where communication takes place. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of verbal communication?

It uses conventional representations of ideas. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of non-verbal communication involves the use of physical movement?

Kinesics Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT included in the kinds of non-verbal communication listed?

Aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the linear model of communication from the basic model?

It is a one-way conversation without feedback. Signup and view all the answers

In the Aristotelian model of communication, which aspect does NOT play a role in a speaker's appeal?

Conveyor Signup and view all the answers

What element is considered an added aspect in Shannon and Weaver's model of communication?

Noise Signup and view all the answers

Which model of communication incorporates the source, message, channel, and receiver in its framework?

Berlo's model Signup and view all the answers

Which type of non-verbal communication is primarily concerned with the use of space and distance?

Proxemics Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication centers around one person who acts as both sender and receiver?

Intrapersonal Communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of public communication?

A one-way monologue between speaker and audience Signup and view all the answers

In which type of interpersonal communication do three or more persons interact without exceeding ten participants?

Group communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the most formal style of speech characterized by respectful communication in ceremonies?

Frozen Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of intrapersonal communication involves beliefs about oneself that are oriented towards others?

Self-concept Signup and view all the answers

A teacher stating, 'Our class will end in five minutes.' is an example of which type of speech act?

Locutionary act Signup and view all the answers

What defines the consultative speech style?

Standard language accepted in communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of speech acts in communication?

To inform, prompt action, or convey meaning Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an illocutionary act in communication?

It reflects the intention behind what is said. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of illocutionary act is exemplified by the statement, 'From now on, I will participate in our group activity.'?

Commissive Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a directive illocutionary act?

It requests the addressee to take a specific action. Signup and view all the answers

What do perlocutionary acts focus on in conversation?

The effect of the utterance on the audience. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication strategies, what does 'nomination' refer to?

Introducing a topic to prompt conversation. Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves knowing when to stop talking in a conversation?

Turn-taking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using communication strategies?

To achieve specific social or psychological outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which example best fits the definition of an expressive illocutionary act?

'Thank you for coming to my party.' Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication Essentials

Originates from the Latin word "Communicare," meaning to impart or share.
Aristotle's assertion: "Man by nature is a social animal," highlights the fundamental social nature of humans.

Elements of Communication

Speaker: Originates the message; responsible for creating and encoding.
Message: Information or ideas being conveyed.
Encoding: Converting thoughts into communicable words or actions.
Channel: Medium through which the message is transmitted, such as spoken or non-verbal methods.
Receiver: Interprets the message and provides feedback.
Decoding: Process of interpreting the received message.
Feedback: The receiver's response that completes the communication process.
Context: The environment in which communication occurs.
Noise or Barrier: Disruptions that hinder effective communication.

Types of Noise or Barriers

Physical Noise: Environmental factors like background sounds.
Psychological Noise: Internal distractions, such as emotions or mental states.
Semantic Noise: Language misunderstandings due to poor vocabulary or unclear language.
Cultural Noise: Misinterpretations arising from different cultural backgrounds.
Physiological Noise: Physical impairments affecting communication (e.g., hearing or visual disabilities).
Attitudinal Noise: Prejudices or stereotypes that skew understanding.

Communication Modes

Verbal Communication: Utilizes language and symbols to convey messages.
Non-verbal Communication: Meaning expressed through behaviors like gestures, facial expressions, and body language.

Types of Non-Verbal Communication

Kinesics: Physical movements and gestures.
Oculesics: Eye contact behaviors.
Haptics: Communication through touch.
Proxemics: Use of personal space in communication.
Chronemics: Use of time in interactions.
Vocalics: Aspects of the voice like tone and volume.
Olfactics: Significance of smells in communication.
Color: Meanings associated with different colors.
Appearance: The impact of physical looks.

Models of Communication

Basic Model: The foundation of communication; emphasizes a two-way process.
Linear Model: One-way communication without feedback; depicted in speeches and broadcasts.
- Aristotelian Model: Focuses on the speaker's control and audience appeal through logic, credentials, and emotions.
- Laswell Model: Highlights the process of information transmission through a specific channel.
- Shannon and Weaver Model: Introduces noise as a critical factor; foundational in communication studies.
- Berlo's SMCR Model: Emphasizes skills, attitudes, knowledge, and culture of both source and receiver.
Transactional Model: Two-way conversations characterized by immediate interaction.
- Schramm's Model: Considers personal experiences as crucial for interpretation.
- White's Model: Highlights feedback as an essential part of communication.
Interactional Model: Involves communication across distances with delayed interactions.

Functions of Communication

Information: Basic function for sharing knowledge.
Regulation: Influencing and managing behaviors.
Social Interaction: Establishing and maintaining relationships.
Motivation: Encouraging changes in beliefs and behaviors.
Emotional Expression: Communicating feelings through various media.

Oral Communication Activities

Conversing: Engaging in discussions in formal or informal settings.
Speech Writing: Preparing content for oral delivery.
Interviewing: Dialogue between an interviewer and interviewee.
Presenting Facts: Sharing empirical information based on research.
Individual Activities: Focused on personal skills for presentation.
Group Performances: Collaborative tasks involving multiple participants.

Speech Context

Intrapersonal Communication: Self-reflection involving a single person, including self-concept, perception, and expectations.
Interpersonal Communication: Interaction among people, split into dyadic and small group communication.
Public Communication: One-way exchanges primarily between a speaker and an audience.

Speech Styles

Intimate: Private communication among close individuals.
Casual: Informal exchanges using slang.
Consultative: Mutually acceptable and standard language.
Formal: Structured exchanges in formal settings.
Frozen: Most formal, used in ceremonies and respectful situations.

Speech Acts

Locutionary Act: The actual utterance with specific meaning.
Illocutionary Act: The intention behind the utterance, often encouraging action.
Perlocutionary Act: The effect of the utterance on the listener, prompting a response.

Types of Illocutionary Acts

Assertive: Expresses belief or opinions.
Directive: Attempts to get the listener to perform an action.
Commissive: Commits the speaker to a future action.
Expressive: Communicates feelings or emotional reactions.
Declaration: Changes situations through utterances.

Communication Strategies

Nomination: Introducing and keeping a topic of conversation.
Restriction: Limiting responses to maintain focus.
Turn-taking: Allowing each speaker time to contribute.
Topic Control: Guiding conversations through structured questions.

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