87 Questions
Which is not a disease of the skeletal system?
neuropathy
Which of the following is a genetic condition that affects bones?
osteogenesis imperfecta
Which condition would not be helped with an increase in dietary calcium and vitamin D?
osteoarthritis
Which of the following bones is properly matched with its function?
Clavicle -- helps keep the shoulder in place
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: pectoral girdle
appendicular
What are two major bones of the skull?
Cranium, Mandible
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: mandible
axial
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: cruciate
not a bone
What type of bones are the vertebrae?
irregular bones
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: scapula
appendicular
What are two major bones of the pectoral girdle?
Scapula and Clavicle
Which of the following is the correct function of the ribs?
Provides protection for the organs of the upper body
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for lubrication and shock absorption?
cartilage
Which part of the skeletal system has more articulations with greater range of motion?
appendicular
Which classification of bone tissue has trabeculae?
spongy bone
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: fibula
appendicular
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: sternum
axial
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for linking bones to other bones to stabilize the articulation?
ligaments
Which direction is a majority of the appendicular skeleton from the axial skeleton?
distal
Which of the following are parts of the thoracic cage?
Ribs and Sternum
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for connecting bones to muscles?
tendons
which type of bone forms the skull?
flat bone
Hydroxyapatite is:
an inorganic mixture containing calcium and phosphate
Which nanostructure is responsible for compression resistance in bone?
hydroxyapatite
What feature of the hydroxyapatite crystals allow them to easily exchange ions?
They are nano sized with a large surface area
Which is not part of mature cartilage?
blood vessels
For which type of fracture would serious reconstructive measures be needed?
comminuted fracture
Which of the following is properly matched with its function?
All of the above are correctly matched with their function.
Which classification of bone has a collection of specialized cells, organic extracellular matrix proteins, and and inorganic salt crystals?
Both
A main role of proteoglycans in bone is to:
attract water that acts to cushion compression
The main role of osteocytes is to:
act as mechanical sensors
Which cells are osteoporosis drugs intended to inhibit?
osteoclasts
Which cells transform within the bone?
osteoblasts become osteocytes
Which of the following is correctly paired with its description?
Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone between layers of connective tissue.
For the following, identify the macroscopic structures of compact bone: Compact bone
osteons
Which nanostructure is responsible for tensile resistance in bone?
collagen
Why do we splint a bone after a fracture?
To minimize movement
How is water integrated into cartilage?
A network of negatively charged glycosylated proteins attract water.
Which nanostructure is responsible for compression resistance in cartilage?
proteoglycans
Bones store calcium for use in the rest of the body. How is the homeostasis of calcium controlled?
hormones from the endocrine system
Which cells are osteoporosis drugs intended to inhibit?
osteoclasts
Increased levels of calcitonin hormone may cause what?
low calcium levels in the blood
Which hormones act against one another with calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
How does vitamin D help maintain bones?
It increases calcium absorption from the diet.
If parathyroid hormone is abnormally high over a long period, you would expect:
abnormally weak bones
Which of the following is not a result of rickets?
Bowed legs in adults
Which of the following structures allow external mechanical information to be quickly transmitted?
Canaliculi
Smooth muscle would be most responsible for:
Determining the diameter of the bronchioles (airways).
Rigor mortis is most directly caused by:
Lack of ATP.
Which of the following is not a major function of muscle tissue?
Production of vitamins.
Skeletal muscle typically transfers its force to bones via:
Tendons that are fused with the connective tissue in muscle.
The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by:
All of these choices are correct.
The property of muscle that gives it the ability to stretch without damage is :
Extensibility.
The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the:
Epimysium.
The type of tendon formed when the connective tissue elements of a skeletal muscle extend as a broad flat layer is called:
Aponeurosis.
The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called:
Myofibrils.
Which of the following is true concerning Muscle Tone?
It helps with stronger movements.
Which of the following connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
To gain speed in motion, third class levers sacrifice what?
Force
Prime mover is another term for which of the following?
Agonist
During muscle contraction by the sliding filament mechanism, thin filaments are pulled towards the:
M line.
In skeletal muscles, the combined amounts of creatine phosphate and ATP provide enough energy for the muscle to contract maximally for approximately:
15 seconds.
Calcium is used to trigger cross-bridge formation during which phase of muscle contraction?
Contraction phase
Myoblasts in muscular system perform a similar function to _______ in the skeletal system?
Osteoblasts
Which of following is a common characteristic of fast glycolytic (FG) skeletal muscle fibers?
High amount of glycogen in the sarcoplasm
Which of the following types of muscle tissue contract(s) when excited by its/their own autorhythmic muscle fibers?
Cardiac muscle
A triad consists of what components?
One T tubule and two terminal cisternae.
A period of sustained skeletal muscle contraction in which individual twitches cannot be detected is called:
Fused tetanus.
Which of the following microscopic structures is found only in the cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalated discs
In a neuromuscular junction, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to:
Rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase
Skeletal muscle contraction will continue to occur as long as which of the following chemicals are available in the cytosol of the muscle fiber?
Calcium ions and ATP
Skeletal muscle cells are generally multinucleate because:
They were formed by fusion of more than one cell.
Which region(s) of the sarcomere contain titin?
From M line to Z disc
Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?
All of the above
Which of the following is a condition representing underactive thyroid?
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following is not a primary function of the nervous system?
Triggering immune responses
Which of the following can be part of the peripheral nervous system?
Which part of a neuron is responsible for conducting electrochemical stimulation from upstream neurons to the cell body of the neuron?
Dendrites
What is the function of a motor neuron?
Carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles, resulting in movement
Which of the following is composed of fibers of sensory neurons only?
Dorsal roots of spinal nerves
The function of the pons is:
to relay signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum, including sleep, hearing and taste.
The region of the brain that is primarily involved in projecting impulses to somatosensory cortex is the:
Thalamus
The part of the brain that is involved with initiating voluntary muscle movement is the:
Cerebral cortex
Which brain region is involved in the development of cognition?
Cerebral lobes
The vital centers for the control of heart beat, respiration, and the control of blood vessel diameter are located in the:
medulla oblongata
Which of the following cranial nerves is not involved in motor input/output?
Cervical
Which of the following is not an ascending spinal tract?
Anterior corticospinal
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with questions on diseases, genetic conditions affecting bones, dietary effects, bone functions, classification of bones, and major bones of the skull.
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