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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
The axial skeleton makes up our central axis and consists of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, while the appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles.
What are the five functions of bones?
What are the five functions of bones?
- Support the body, 2. Protects soft organs, 3. Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles, 4. Storage, 5. Blood cell formation within marrow.
What is the difference between spongy and compact bone?
What is the difference between spongy and compact bone?
What are the four shapes and sizes of bones? What are examples of each?
What are the four shapes and sizes of bones? What are examples of each?
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What is the function of the various parts of a long bone?
What is the function of the various parts of a long bone?
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How does the skeleton, and bones, change through our life?
How does the skeleton, and bones, change through our life?
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What is the difference and similarity between the three types of vertebrae bone?
What is the difference and similarity between the three types of vertebrae bone?
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How are true and false bones differentiated?
How are true and false bones differentiated?
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What are the differences between males and female pelvic girdles?
What are the differences between males and female pelvic girdles?
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What are the common types of bone fractures?
What are the common types of bone fractures?
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Study Notes
Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body, including the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
- Appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles, enabling mobility and manipulation of the environment.
Functions of Bones
- Provide structural support for the body.
- Protect vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain.
- Facilitate movement by serving as levers for muscles.
- Store minerals like calcium and phosphorus for metabolic functions.
- Participate in the formation of blood cells within bone marrow.
Spongy vs. Compact Bone
- Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of the bone, providing strength and support.
- Spongy bone is lighter and found at the ends of long bones and in the interiors of others, containing red marrow for blood cell production.
Shapes and Sizes of Bones
- Long bones (e.g., femur) contribute to leverage and movement.
- Short bones (e.g., carpals) provide stability and support.
- Flat bones (e.g., skull) protect internal organs and offer surface for muscle attachment.
- Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae) fulfill various functions, including protection and support.
Parts of a Long Bone
- Diaphysis (shaft) provides length and structure, containing medullary cavity for fat storage.
- Epiphyses (ends) allow for articulation at joints and house spongy bone.
- Periosteum is a protective layer facilitating attachment of muscles and tendons.
Changes in Skeleton Throughout Life
- Bone density typically increases during growth and peaks in early adulthood.
- Bones can become more brittle with age, resulting in a higher risk of fractures.
- Hormonal changes affect bone remodeling, particularly during menopause in females.
Types of Vertebrae
- Cervical vertebrae support the neck and allow head movement.
- Thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs, providing stability for the chest.
- Lumbar vertebrae are larger and support the lower back, bearing more weight.
True vs. False Bones
- True bones directly connect to the sternum, such as the first seven pairs of ribs.
- False bones do not attach directly to the sternum and include the remaining ribs.
Male vs. Female Pelvic Girdles
- Male pelvis is narrower and more robust for bipedal locomotion.
- Female pelvis is broader and has a wider pelvic inlet for childbirth.
Common Types of Bone Fractures
- Simple fracture involves a break without skin penetration.
- Compound fracture breaks through the skin, increasing risk of infection.
- Comminuted fracture results in multiple bone fragments, usually due to high-impact trauma.
- Greenstick fracture (common in children) features an incomplete break, bending the bone rather than fully breaking it.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the skeletal system with this quiz covering key concepts from Chapter 5. Test your understanding of the differences between the axial and appendicular skeleton, as well as the vital functions of bones. Perfect for students studying human biology and anatomy.
