Human Anatomy Skeletal System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply)

Blood cell formation (correct)

Breathing

Support of the body (correct)

Protection of soft organs (correct)

How many bones are there in the adult body?

206

What are the 2 types of osseous tissue?

Compact and spongy

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense, smooth, and homogenous while spongy bone is small with needle-like pieces of bone and has lots of open space. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

Long, short, flat, and irregular Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of bone markings?

Allow blood vessels/nerves to pass through, point of attachment for ligaments and muscles, and help form joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of the skeleton?

Axial and appendicular Signup and view all the answers

What three parts is the axial skeleton divided into?

Skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Arms, legs, and everything that holds them up Signup and view all the answers

What two bones is the pectoral girdle composed of?

Clavicle and scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

Legs Signup and view all the answers

What is the single bone of the upper arm?

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

Bone located on the thumb side of the forearm?

Radius Signup and view all the answers

Bone located on the pinky side of the forearm?

Ulna Signup and view all the answers

How many bones form the wrist?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How many bones form the palm?

5 Signup and view all the answers

How many bones form the fingers?

14 Signup and view all the answers

How many bones form the ankle?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What bones constitute the pelvic girdle?

Hip bones - ilium, ischium, and pubic bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of the pelvic girdle?

Carries the total weight of the upper body and protects vital organs. Signup and view all the answers

What bones make up the lower limbs?

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the tibia?

Shin Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibula's relationship with the tibia?

Lies alongside tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the patella?

Kneecap Signup and view all the answers

What bones make up the foot?

Tarsals, calcaneus, talus, metatarsals, and phalanges Signup and view all the answers

What binds bones together?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What connects muscle to bone?

Tendons Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

Support head & trunk of body and protect spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What are intervertebral discs?

Seperate the vertebrae, made of fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is C1 known as?

Atlas Signup and view all the answers

What is C2 known as?

Axis Signup and view all the answers

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12 Signup and view all the answers

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacrum composed of?

5 fused vertebrae at bottom of vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the coccyx commonly known as?

Tailbone Signup and view all the answers

What is the spinous process?

Middle process of vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What are transverse processes?

2 processes on side of vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertebral foramen?

Hole where spinal cord passes through Signup and view all the answers

What is the bony thorax?

Cage that protects major organs Signup and view all the answers

What three bones make up the bony thorax?

Sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What are true ribs?

Ribs 1-7 that stem from the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What are false ribs?

Ribs 8-12 that don't stem from the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What are floating ribs?

Last 2 ribs that do not touch the back vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What 2 types of bones make up the skull?

Cranium and facial Signup and view all the answers

How many cranium bones are there?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How many facial bones are there?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What are sutures?

Immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What one bone is attached by a freely movable joint?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of paranasal sinuses?

To lighten the skull and give resonance & amplification to voice Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Skeletal System

Provides structural support to the body.
Protects vital soft organs from injury.
Facilitates movement through attachment to skeletal muscles.
Produces blood cells within bone marrow.

Number of Bones

An adult human body contains 206 bones.

Osseous Tissue Types

Osseous tissue consists of two types: compact and spongy.

Compact vs. Spongy Bone

Compact bone is dense, smooth, and homogeneous.
Spongy bone has a porous structure with needle-like pieces.

Bone Classifications

Bones can be classified into four categories: long, short, flat, and irregular.

Bone Markings Functions

Serve as pathways for blood vessels and nerves.
Provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles.
Help in the formation of joints.

Skeleton Parts

Skeleton is divided into two main parts: axial and appendicular.

Axial Skeleton

Comprises the body's longitudinal structure.

Components of Axial Skeleton

Axial skeleton consists of three parts: skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.

Appendicular Skeleton

Includes the limbs (arms and legs) and structures that support them.

Components of Appendicular Skeleton

Divided into pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs.

Pectoral Girdle

Consists of two bones: clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade).

Pelvic Girdle

Made up of the hip bones: ilium, ischium, and pubic bone.
Major functions include bearing the upper body's weight and protecting reproductive organs.

Upper Limbs

The humerus is the single bone in the upper arm.

Forearm Bones

Radius is located on the thumb side of the forearm.
Ulna lies on the pinky side of the forearm.

Wrist and Hand Structures

The wrist consists of 8 carpal bones.
The palm includes 5 metacarpal bones.
The fingers are made up of 14 phalanges.

Ankle and Foot Structures

The ankle comprises 7 tarsal bones, including the calcaneus (heel bone) and talus.
The foot consists of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Ligaments and Tendons

Ligaments bind bones together.
Tendons connect muscles to bones.

Vertebral Column Functions

Supports the head and trunk.
Protects the spinal cord.

Intervertebral Discs

Cushioned fibrocartilage structures between vertebrae.

Cervical Vertebrae

The first 7 vertebrae form the neck and support the head.
C1 is called the atlas; C2 is called the axis.

Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae consist of 12 vertebrae supporting the ribcage.
Lumbar vertebrae include 5 vertebrae that support the body's lower back.

Sacrum and Coccyx

Sacrum consists of 5 fused vertebrae at the base of the vertebral column.
Coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is made up of 4 fused vertebrae.

Vertebral Anatomy

Spinous processes project from the vertebrae's middle.
Transverse processes are located on either side of the vertebra.
The vertebral foramen is the opening where the spinal cord travels.

Bony Thorax Composition

Protects major internal organs.
Made up of three bones: sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae.

Rib Classifications

True ribs (1-7) directly connect to the sternum.
False ribs (8-12) do not connect to the sternum.
Floating ribs (last 2) do not connect to the vertebrae.

Skull Composition

Comprised of two types of bones: cranium and facial bones.
There are 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.

Sutures

Immovable joints that connect skull bones.

Mandible

The only bone in the skull connected by a freely movable joint.

Paranasal Sinuses Functions

Lighten the skull's weight.
Enhance vocal resonance and amplification.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with these flashcards. Learn about the functions of bones, types of osseous tissue, and the number of bones in the adult human body. Perfect for students and anyone interested in human biology.