Bone Physiology
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Bone Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What forms the outer surfaces of compact bone?

  • Compact bone matrix
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Circumferential lamellae (correct)
  • Trabecular network

    • When does intramembranous ossification begin during embryonic development?

  • Eighth week (correct)
  • Twelfth week
  • Fifteenth week
  • Fourth week

    • Which type of cells specialize to become osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification?

  • Osteocytes
  • Mesenchymal cells (correct)
  • Chondroblasts
  • Fibroblasts

    • What is formed as a result of the joining of trabeculae in intramembranous ossification?

    <p>Spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteoblasts in the process of intramembranous ossification?

    <p>Produce bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of chondroblasts during endochondral ossification?

    <p>To create a cartilage model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does endochondral ossification typically complete?

    <p>18–20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for forming red bone marrow as trabeculae join together in intramembranous ossification?

    <p>Cells within the spaces of spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage growth involves the addition of new cartilage matrix at the outer edge of existing cartilage?

    <p>Appositional growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily constitutes the organic component of the bone matrix?

    <p>Collagen and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down the bone matrix?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does spongy bone differ from compact bone?

    <p>Spongy bone consists of trabeculae with more interconnecting rods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do osteoblasts play in bone tissue?

    <p>They form new bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary inorganic component of the bone matrix?

    <p>Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of canaliculi in spongy bone?

    <p>They connect osteocytes for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature distinguishes the lamellae in compact bone?

    <p>Concentric arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ossification center in long bones?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the last secondary ossification center typically appear?

    <p>18-20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the epiphyseal plate after a person’s bones have stopped growing?

    <p>It regresses into an epiphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone fracture involves a break that does not penetrate the skin?

    <p>Closed (simple) fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the articular cartilage?

    <p>It is derived from embryonic cartilage and remains throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do secondary ossification centers typically appear before birth?

    <p>In the epiphyses of the femur, humerus, and tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the spongy and compact bone in mature bones?

    <p>Both are fully developed, and the epiphyseal plate has turned into the epiphyseal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is commonly used for bone fractures?

    <p>Reduction and immobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the perichondrium during the process of endochondral ossification?

    <p>It transforms into the periosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the increase in size of the cartilage model during endochondral ossification?

    <p>Both interstitial and appositional cartilage growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the substance that chondrocytes release to initiate the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals?

    <p>Matrix vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the primary ossification center during endochondral ossification?

    <p>Osteoblasts produce bone on the surface of calcified cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change occurs to the bone as it develops during endochondral ossification?

    <p>Woven bone is converted to lamellar bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of chondrocytes in the calcified cartilage area during endochondral ossification?

    <p>They die and leave enlarged lacunae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells migrate into the calcified cartilage area from the periosteum during ossification?

    <p>Osteoblasts and osteoclasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do osteoclasts play in endochondral ossification?

    <p>They remove bone from the center of the diaphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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