Quiz 3: Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes3

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Questions and Answers

Which drug is the first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes?

DPP-4 inhibitors

Metformin (correct)

Sulfonylureas

Insulin

Which of the following medications works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?

Sulfonylureas (correct)

Thiazolidinediones (correct)

Metformin

SGLT2 inhibitors (correct)

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylureas?

Hypoglycemia (correct)

Hyperkalemia

Hypertension (correct)

Weight loss (correct)

Which of the following insulin regimens provides the most flexibility in managing blood glucose levels?

Basal-bolus regimen (A), Split-mixed regimen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs should be avoided in patients with heart failure due to the risk of fluid retention?

Insulin (A), Metformin (C), Thiazolidinediones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of DPP-4 inhibitors?

Increase insulin secretion (A), Decrease hepatic glucose production (B), Inhibit carbohydrate absorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is recommended for patients with Type 2 Diabetes and established cardiovascular disease?

Sulfonylureas (B), SGLT2 inhibitors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of GLP-1 agonists?

Gastrointestinal upset (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with a history of bladder cancer?

Pioglitazone (B), Metformin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs primarily acts by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2)?

Empagliflozin (A), Linagliptin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using metformin in Type 2 Diabetes management?

Increased insulin secretion (A), Low risk of hypoglycemia (B), Weight gain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk when using SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients?

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (A), Weight gain (B), Hyperkalemia (C), Hypoglycemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy?

Glipizide (C), Pioglitazone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulin types has the longest duration of action?

Rapid-acting insulin (A), Long-acting insulin (B), Intermediate-acting insulin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oral hypoglycemic agents is associated with weight loss?

SGLT2 inhibitors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of metformin?

Renal impairment (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications has been shown to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in Type 2 Diabetes?

Empagliflozin (A), Metformin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key benefit of GLP-1 agonists in diabetes management?

Weight loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is often added to insulin therapy to reduce insulin requirements in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes?

Metformin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones?

Hyperkalemia (A), Fluid retention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes management?

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

Explain why metformin is considered the first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes.

Metformin is effective in lowering blood glucose levels, has a low risk of causing hypoglycemia, promotes weight loss or weight neutrality, and improves insulin sensitivity. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of GLP-1 agonists in managing Type 2 Diabetes.

GLP-1 agonists enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and promote weight loss, making them useful in managing Type 2 Diabetes, particularly in overweight patients. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential risks associated with the use of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management?

Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention, weight gain, increased risk of heart failure, and are associated with a higher risk of bone fractures and bladder cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes

First-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes is Metformin, known for lowering blood glucose levels efficiently.
Thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, making them a crucial class in diabetes management.
Sulfonylureas can lead to hypoglycemia, a significant adverse effect, necessitating careful monitoring.
The Basal-bolus insulin regimen allows for maximum flexibility in blood glucose management, adapting to varying lifestyle needs.
Thiazolidinediones should be avoided in heart failure patients due to the risk of fluid retention.
DPP-4 inhibitors primarily function by increasing insulin secretion, contributing to better glucose control.
SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended for Type 2 Diabetes patients with established cardiovascular disease due to their protective effects.
Common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include gastrointestinal upset, which may affect treatment adherence.
Pioglitazone is contraindicated in individuals with a history of bladder cancer, highlighting safety considerations in drug selection.
Empagliflozin inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), promoting glucose excretion through urine, thus lowering blood sugar levels.
Metformin offers a low risk of hypoglycemia, making it advantageous for patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
SGLT2 inhibitors pose a risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, emphasizing the need for patient education.
Glipizide is likely to cause hypoglycemia when used alone, indicating the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels.
Long-acting insulin has the longest duration of action, beneficial for maintaining stable blood sugar throughout the day.
SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with weight loss, contrasting with other classes that may lead to weight gain.
Renal impairment is a critical contraindication for metformin, making renal function assessment essential before prescribing.
Empagliflozin has demonstrated a reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events among Type 2 Diabetes patients, enhancing its therapeutic value.
GLP-1 agonists promote weight loss, which is particularly beneficial for overweight patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Metformin is frequently added to insulin therapy in obese patients to reduce overall insulin requirements.
Thiazolidinediones may cause fluid retention, which can complicate diabetes management and increase heart failure risk.

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Description

Test your knowledge on pharmacotherapy for diabetes with this quiz. Focus on key medications, their effects, and treatment strategies for managing Type 2 Diabetes. Ideal for healthcare students and professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding.