qQuiz 3.docx

Quiz 3: Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which drug is the first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Insulin \- B) Metformin \- C) Sulfonylureas \- D) DPP-4 inhibitors Answer: B) Metformin 2\. Which of the following medications works by increasing insulin sensi...

Quiz 3: Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which drug is the first-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Insulin \- B) Metformin \- C) Sulfonylureas \- D) DPP-4 inhibitors Answer: B) Metformin 2\. Which of the following medications works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues? \- A) Sulfonylureas \- B) Thiazolidinediones \- C) Metformin \- D) SGLT2 inhibitors Answer: B) Thiazolidinediones 3\. Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylureas? \- A) Weight loss \- B) Hypoglycemia \- C) Hypertension \- D) Hyperkalemia Answer: B) Hypoglycemia 4\. Which of the following insulin regimens provides the most flexibility in managing blood glucose levels? \- A) Split-mixed regimen \- B) Basal-bolus regimen \- C) Once-daily long-acting insulin \- D) Twice-daily intermediate-acting insulin Answer: B) Basal-bolus regimen 5\. Which of the following drugs should be avoided in patients with heart failure due to the risk of fluid retention? \- A) Metformin \- B) Thiazolidinediones \- C) DPP-4 inhibitors \- D) Insulin Answer: B) Thiazolidinediones 6\. What is the primary mechanism of action of DPP-4 inhibitors? \- A) Inhibit carbohydrate absorption \- B) Increase insulin secretion \- C) Decrease hepatic glucose production \- D) Reduce glucose reabsorption in the kidneys Answer: B) Increase insulin secretion 7\. Which of the following medications is recommended for patients with Type 2 Diabetes and established cardiovascular disease? \- A) SGLT2 inhibitors \- B) Sulfonylureas \- C) Insulin \- D) Metformin Answer: A) SGLT2 inhibitors 8\. Which of the following is a common side effect of GLP-1 agonists? \- A) Gastrointestinal upset \- B) Hyperglycemia \- C) Hypotension \- D) Hypernatremia Answer: A) Gastrointestinal upset 9\. Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with a history of bladder cancer? \- A) Metformin \- B) Pioglitazone \- C) Insulin \- D) DPP-4 inhibitors Answer: B) Pioglitazone 10\. Which of the following drugs primarily acts by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2)? \- A) Linagliptin \- B) Sitagliptin \- C) Empagliflozin \- D) Glipizide Answer: C) Empagliflozin 11\. Which of the following is an advantage of using metformin in Type 2 Diabetes management? \- A) Weight gain \- B) Low risk of hypoglycemia \- C) Increased insulin secretion \- D) Fluid retention Answer: B) Low risk of hypoglycemia 12\. Which of the following is a potential risk when using SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients? \- A) Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis \- B) Hypoglycemia \- C) Hyperkalemia \- D) Weight gain Answer: A) Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis 13\. Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy? \- A) Metformin \- B) Glipizide \- C) Linagliptin \- D) Pioglitazone Answer: B) Glipizide 14\. Which of the following insulin types has the longest duration of action? \- A) Rapid-acting insulin \- B) Short-acting insulin \- C) Intermediate-acting insulin \- D) Long-acting insulin Answer: D) Long-acting insulin 15\. Which of the following oral hypoglycemic agents is associated with weight loss? \- A) Sulfonylureas \- B) SGLT2 inhibitors \- C) Thiazolidinediones \- D) Acarbose Answer: B) SGLT2 inhibitors 16\. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of metformin? \- A) Renal impairment \- B) Obesity \- C) Hyperlipidemia \- D) Hypertension Answer: A) Renal impairment 17\. Which of the following medications has been shown to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Metformin \- B) Empagliflozin \- C) Glipizide \- D) Linagliptin Answer: B) Empagliflozin 18\. Which of the following is a key benefit of GLP-1 agonists in diabetes management? \- A) Weight gain \- B) Weight loss \- C) Hyperglycemia \- D) Hypokalemia Answer: B) Weight loss 19\. Which of the following medications is often added to insulin therapy to reduce insulin requirements in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Thiazolidinediones \- B) Metformin \- C) DPP-4 inhibitors \- D) SGLT2 inhibitors Answer: B) Metformin 20\. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones? \- A) Fluid retention \- B) Hypoglycemia \- C) Weight loss \- D) Hyperkalemia Answer: A) Fluid retention Short Answer Questions: 1\. What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes management? Answer: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine. 2\. Explain why metformin is considered the first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes. Answer: Metformin is effective in lowering blood glucose levels, has a low risk of causing hypoglycemia, promotes weight loss or weight neutrality, and improves insulin sensitivity. 3\. Describe the role of GLP-1 agonists in managing Type 2 Diabetes. Answer: GLP-1 agonists enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and promote weight loss, making them useful in managing Type 2 Diabetes, particularly in overweight patients. 4\. What are the potential risks associated with the use of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management? Answer: Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention, weight gain, increased risk of heart failure, and are associated with a higher risk of bone fractures and bladder cancer.