Podcast
Questions and Answers
Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
Type 1 diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes:
Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:
Patients with type 2 diabetes usually control their disease with all of the following, EXCEPT:
Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:
Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for:
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Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
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Insulin functions in the body by:
Insulin functions in the body by:
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Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:
Patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience polyuria because:
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Excessive eating caused by cellular 'hunger' is called:
Excessive eating caused by cellular 'hunger' is called:
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Ketone production is the result of:
Ketone production is the result of:
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A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:
A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:
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Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
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The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:
The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:
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Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:
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A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. Based on this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:
A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. Based on this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:
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Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:
Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:
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Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?
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Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:
The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:
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Insulin shock will MOST likely develop if a patient:
Insulin shock will MOST likely develop if a patient:
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Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:
Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:
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Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
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Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:
Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:
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In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
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A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
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You respond to a residence for a patient who is 'not acting right.' As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
You respond to a residence for a patient who is 'not acting right.' As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
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A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:
A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:
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A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:
A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:
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You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:
You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:
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When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:
When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:
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When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:
When assessing an unconscious diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:
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You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:
You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:
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A 19-year-old male complains of 'not feeling right.' His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads 'error' after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
A 19-year-old male complains of 'not feeling right.' His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads 'error' after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
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Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
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Glutose is a trade name for:
Glutose is a trade name for:
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To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
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Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
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Hemoglobin is:
Hemoglobin is:
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Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
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A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that:
A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that:
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An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis.
An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis.
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Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:
Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for:
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During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:
During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:
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A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:
A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:
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Study Notes
Diabetes Overview
- Diabetes is a disorder defined as a malfunction in carbohydrate metabolism, marked by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
- Type 1 diabetes results from the body’s inability to produce insulin, often diagnosed in younger individuals.
- Type 2 diabetes can usually be managed with lifestyle changes and medication but may require insulin over time.
Treatments for Diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes: Treated with insulin; metformin is typically not prescribed.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Managed through diet, exercise, and medications like glyburide, tolbutamide, and insulin if necessary.
- Glipizide is also known as Glucotrol and is used for type 2 diabetes management.
Blood Glucose and Symptoms
- Normal blood glucose levels range from 80 to 120 mg/dL; values outside this range indicate potential diabetic issues.
- The brain relies heavily on glucose; it cannot utilize alternative energy sources like fat or protein.
- Uncontrolled diabetes leads to polyuria due to excess glucose being excreted through the kidneys.
Diabetic Complications
- Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when insulin is unavailable, leading to high blood sugar and ketone production from fat metabolism.
- Kussmaul respirations indicate the body’s effort to eliminate blood acids due to metabolic disturbance.
- Diabetic coma results from hyperglycemia, usually with accompanying dehydration and ketoacidosis.
Hypoglycemia vs. Hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia occurs with low blood glucose levels, manifesting as weakness, confusion, and clammy skin; requires prompt treatment with glucose.
- Hyperglycemia typically displays slow, deep breaths, confusion, and dry skin; treatment involves rehydration and insulin.
- Recognizing the signs is crucial: hypoglycemia often leads to combativeness, whereas hyperglycemia results in lethargy.
Patient Assessment and Management
- Symptoms like confusion and agitation can precede hypoglycemia; immediate glucose administration may be necessary.
- Patients with diabetes should always be assessed for mental status and the presence of a gag reflex before administering oral glucose.
- Patients experiencing significant symptoms of hyperglycemia, such as confusion or weak pulses, require cautious intervention and probably emergency assistance.
Special Cases and Considerations
- Children with diabetes may become hypoglycemic more often; they often do not adhere to eating schedules.
- In patients with sickle cell disease, abnormal erythrocyte shape leads to complications like blood clots and acute pain due to vaso-occlusive crises.
- Managing crises effectively requires recognizing both the immediate needs and the underlying conditions that may exacerbate symptoms.
Conditions Associated with Diabetes
- Diabetic patients face a higher risk for conditions such as blindness due to prolonged high blood glucose levels.
- Regular monitoring and management of glucose levels are essential for preventing acute complications and maintaining overall health.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of diabetes, including the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It also discusses blood glucose levels, their importance, and various treatment options available for managing diabetes. Test your knowledge on this critical health topic!
