1950s Counter Culture and Feminism
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the lifestyle of the Beatniks during the 1950s?

  • They primarily engaged in agricultural work.
  • They promoted conservative political ideals.
  • They engaged in risky behavior and favored casual attire. (correct)
  • They focused on traditional family values.

    • What significant issue did Betty Friedan address in 'The Feminine Mystique'?

  • The widespread unhappiness of women in the 1950s and early 1960s. (correct)
  • The economic disparity among women.
  • The lack of education for women.
  • The role of women in the workforce.

    • What was one of the primary focuses of Ms. Magazine as started by Gloria Steinman?

  • Highlighting the experiences of women who had undergone abortions. (correct)
  • Promoting traditional gender roles.
  • Advocating for increased taxation on women.
  • Encouraging women to remain silent about personal issues.

    • During the Post Civil-War Great Migration, which factor primarily attracted the black population to northern cities?

    <p>Job opportunities and the absence of Jim Crow laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event occurred during the riots in Detroit in 1943?

    <p>White mobs attacked Black citizens due to growing resentment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes A. Philip Randolph's contribution?

    <p>He organized labor efforts focused on civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'nuclear family' primarily refers to which of the following?

    <p>A family unit consisting of two parents and their children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key reason for the population increase of Blacks in northern cities from 1910 to 1940?

    <p>The availability of blue and white collar jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant action taken by Fidel Castro after he overthrew the Cuban government in 1959?

    <p>He confiscated private and U.S. business-owned land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Philip Randolph's planned march to Washington?

    <p>To protest against discrimination in the defense industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of the CIA's plan to invade Cuba during JFK's presidency?

    <p>To oust Fidel Castro from power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in regards to bus segregation?

    <p>The Supreme Court ruled state bus segregation laws unconstitutional in Browder v. Gayle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

    <p>The U.S. airstrikes failed to eliminate Cuba’s air force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant result of the Brown v. Board of Education cases?

    <p>It outlawed segregation in public schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the leading lawyer for the NAACP during the fight against segregation?

    <p>Thurgood Marshall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did many perceive JFK’s leadership after the Bay of Pigs failure?

    <p>They questioned his ability to deal with the Soviets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the U.S. expectation regarding the Cuban people during the Bay of Pigs invasion?

    <p>They would provide strong support to the U.S. effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened when the Little Rock Nine tried to attend school in 1957?

    <p>They were turned away by state troops initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) play in the civil rights movement?

    <p>It promoted non-violence and civil rights support through religious leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Supreme Court case was pivotal in declaring the separate but equal doctrine unconstitutional?

    <p>Brown v. Board of Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) and Women's Political Council (WPC) use during the bus boycott?

    <p>They urged African Americans to boycott the bus system until desegregation was achieved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of Nixon's Vietnamization policy?

    <p>Arm South Vietnamese forces and withdraw U.S. troops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event marked the end of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?

    <p>The signing of a ceasefire in 1973</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty was aimed at limiting nuclear weapons production between the US and the USSR?

    <p>S.A.L.T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key focus of the Native American rights movement in the 1960s?

    <p>Addressing unemployment and housing issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major early challenges faced by the Women's Movement in the 1960s?

    <p>Getting the Civil Rights Act to include protections against sexual discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the National Organization for Women (NOW) when it was founded?

    <p>To eliminate gender discrimination in employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event coincided with the escalation of the Vietnam War involving troop presence in Cambodia?

    <p>The leak of the Pentagon Papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Bill Clinton normalize U.S. relations with Vietnam?

    <p>1995</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the addition of sexual discrimination language have on the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

    <p>It was seen as a 'poison pill' that doomed the bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant military event took place in Vietnam in 1975?

    <p>The Fall of Saigon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event happened three weeks after Diem's assassination?

    <p>The assassination of JFK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the extent of U.S. troop deployment by 1967?

    <p>543,000 troops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked a turning point in public opinion against the Vietnam War?

    <p>The Tet Offensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Lt. William Calley Jr. take during the My Lai Massacre?

    <p>He rounded up and killed civilians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups was formed in opposition to the Vietnam War?

    <p>Students for a Democratic Society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered the Kent State shootings in May 1970?

    <p>An escalating campus protest against the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one method teachers used to address student concerns about the Vietnam War at the University of Michigan?

    <p>Conducting after-hours seminars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which incident was used by Johnson to justify the increase of U.S. troops in Vietnam?

    <p>The Gulf of Tonkin incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major consequence of media coverage during the Vietnam War?

    <p>Heightened opposition to the war at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was inaugurated as president in 1969 after Johnson decided not to run?

    <p>Richard Nixon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary focus of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

    <p>Organizing sit-ins and participating in Freedom Rides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the views of Malcolm X regarding integration?

    <p>He opposed integration and called for complete separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the methods of the Black Panther Party differ from those of the Nation of Islam (NOI)?

    <p>The Black Panther Party used armed patrols to monitor police interactions, contrasting with NOI's views.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Selma March in 1965?

    <p>It successfully emphasized the need for the Voting Rights Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event triggered the significant rift between Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam?

    <p>His comments regarding JFK's assassination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ideology did Marcus Garvey advocate for within the civil rights movement?

    <p>Black Nationalism and complete separation from white society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the assassinations of prominent figures like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1960s?

    <p>Violent race riots and increased tensions emerged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary religious belief of members of the Nation of Islam?

    <p>They studied the Quran and worshiped Allah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    1950s Counter Culture

    • Teens and young adults felt pressure to conform to suburban ideals.
    • They were disaffected by materialism and consumerism.
    • Beatniks were a counter-culture group who embraced risky behaviors.
    • They favored jeans, leather, and rock and spoken-word poetry.

    The Feminine Mystique

    • Betty Friedan (1963) introduced the concept of "the problem that has no name."
    • This referred to women's unhappiness in the 1950s and early 1960s.
    • The book sparked the second-wave feminist movement in the U.S.

    Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine

    • Ms. Magazine (1971) highlighted women often ignored by the media.
    • It promoted the removal of sexist language.
    • The magazine helped women realize their social agency.

    The Post Civil War Great Migration

    • Between 1910 and 1940, the Black population in NYC increased from 60,000 to 450,000.
    • Similar population growth occurred in other cities like Detroit.
    • Pull factors included job opportunities (blue and white-collar jobs) and the absence of Jim Crow laws.

    1943 Riots

    • White mobs attacked Black citizens in Detroit, often due to resentment over the rising Black population.
    • At least 17 African Americans were killed by white policemen.
    • The KKK was active in Detroit and the North.

    Montgomery Bus Boycotts (1955)

    • The MIA and WPC were civil rights organizations.
    • They organized a boycott of the Montgomery bus system.
    • The boycott was in response to the refusal to desegregate.
    • Rosa Parks' arrest sparked this movement.

    Brown v. Board of Education

    • Separate but equal facilities were declared unconstitutional in public education.
    • The unanimous Supreme Court decision outlawed segregation in schools.

    The NAACP

    • Founded in 1909, the NAACP fights for civil rights.
    • The NAACP worked to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson's separate-but-equal doctrine.
    • Thurgood Marshall was a pivotal figure in challenging segregation and discrimination practices.

    The Little Rock Nine

    • In 1957, nine black students were denied admission to an all-white high school.
    • Arkansas' governor used state troops to prevent the students from attending.
    • President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to enforce desegregation.

    The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

    • SCLC was a group of Southern Christian preachers who advocated for civil rights.
    • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent leader in the SCLC.
    • They used peaceful resistance as a tactic, drawing on the philosophies of Thoreau and Gandhi.

    Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

    • SNCC played a significant role in organizing peaceful protests, particularly sit-ins.
    • SNCC members organized sit-ins in Nashville, and participated in the Freedom Rides.
    • This group played an important role in the Civil Rights Movement.

    Malcolm X

    • A prominent Black nationalist and leader within the Nation of Islam.
    • He became influential during the 1960s.

    The Civil Rights Movement, Violence and Assassination

    • The assassination of JFK, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Robert F. Kennedy highlighted the tensions within the movement and the country.

    The Tet Offensive

    • Coordinated North Vietnamese and Viet Cong attack in 1968.
    • Marked a turning point during the Vietnam War.

    Mai Lai Massacre

    • American troops killed hundreds of civilians in a 1968 village in Vietnam.

    The Kent State Shootings

    • Protests against the war led to the National Guard's use of force in 1970.

    Kent State University and Anti-War Protests

    • Kent State events caused an increase in protests against the war.

    Nixon and the Vietnamization of Vietnam

    • Nixon sought to withdraw US troops and train South Vietnamese forces.
    • This "Vietnamization" strategy was a key aspect of his approach to the war.

    The Bay of Pigs Invasion

    • A failed CIA-backed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in 1961.

    US-Cuban Relations Post Castro Takeover

    • Conflicts arose between Cuba and the US due to the Cuban revolution in 1959.
    • Property confiscations by Cuba caused significant political tension with the U.S.
    • The CIA plotted an invasion to remove Castro but it failed.

    Native American Movement and Struggles

    • The Native American movement focused on treaty violations, unemployment, and racism.

    The Women's Movement

    • Feminists worked to gain equal rights.
    • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 didn't ban sexual discrimination.
    • The National Organization for Women (NOW) pushed for equal pay and other reforms.
    • NOW fought for Title VII to prevent discrimination.

    SALT I & Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty

    • Agreement between US and USSR to limit the production of nuclear weapons and ICBMs.

    Détente

    • Efforts to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the Soviet Union.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamic cultural shifts of the 1950s and 1960s, including the rise of counter-culture movements like the Beatniks and their rebellion against conformity. Delve into Betty Friedan's impact through 'The Feminine Mystique' and discover how Gloria Steinem's Ms. Magazine inspired women's empowerment. This quiz sheds light on the societal changes that paved the way for the second-wave feminist movement.

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