Counterculture Movement of the 1960s and 1970s: Quiz and Flashcards

The counterculture of the 1960s was a Western anti-establishment cultural phenomenon that began in the mid-1960s and continued until the early 1970s, with ongoing effects to the present day. The movement gained momentum due to the civil rights movement in the US and the Vietnam War. Many key movements related to issues such as human sexuality, women's rights, traditional modes of authority, and rights of non-white people were born or advanced within the counterculture of the 1960s. The era was notable for the emergence of new cultural forms and a dynamic subculture that celebrated experimentation, individuality, and the rise of the hippie and other alternative lifestyles. Several factors distinguished the counterculture of the 1960s from the anti-authoritarian movements of previous eras, including the post-World War II baby boom and post-war affluence. The breakdown of enforcement of the US Hays Code concerning censorship in motion picture production, the use of new forms of artistic expression in European and Asian cinema, and the advent of modern production values heralded a new era of art-house, pornographic, and mainstream film production, distribution, and exhibition. The counterculture era was marked by the confrontations between college students and law enforcement officials, and the Vietnam War was arguably the most important factor contributing to the rise of the larger counterculture movement. The counterculture movement took hold in Western Europe, with London, Amsterdam, Paris, Rome and Milan, Copenhagen and West Berlin rivaling San Francisco and New York as counterculture centers. In the Netherlands, Provo was a counterculture movement that focused on "provocative direct action ('pranks' and 'happenings') to arouse society from political and social indifference".The Counterculture Movement of the 1960s and 1970s

Long-haired and "untidy" persons were banned from public places in communist Czechoslovakia, and in 1966, around 4,000 young males were forced to cut their hair by the state police.
Oz magazine, a satirical humor magazine, became a "psychedelic hippy" magazine from 1967 to 1973 in London and was subject to two celebrated obscenity trials.
The Digger, published monthly between 1972 and 1975 in Australia, served as a national outlet for counterculture movements and cultural trailblazers.
The Mexican rock music scene was tied to the youth revolt of the 1960s, and the three-day Festival Rock y Ruedas de Avándaro in 1971 became known as "The Mexican Woodstock."
The Cordobazo was a civil uprising in Argentina in May 1969, during the military dictatorship of General Juan Carlos Onganía, and associated students and workers in the same struggle against the military government.
The Civil Rights Movement and the Chicano Movement of the 1960s aimed to achieve equal rights for African-Americans and Mexican Americans, respectively.
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement that was founded in July 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to address systemic issues of poverty and police brutality against Native Americans.
The Asian American movement involved antiwar and anti-imperialist activism and solidarity with US and international Third World movements.
The Nuyorican movement was an intellectual movement involving Puerto Rican or of Puerto-Rican descent individuals in New York City who sought to validate Puerto Rican experience in the US and combat marginalization and discrimination.
Young Cuban exiles in the US became interested in Cuban identity and politics, influenced by the anti-war, civil rights, and feminist movements of the 1960s.
The New Left was a left-wing movement that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s in the Western world, characterized by social activism and personal liberty.
Anarchism was influential in the counterculture of the 1960s, with groups like the Diggers and the Yippies engaging in anti-authoritarianism and symbolic politics.
Opposition to the Vietnam War and nuclear weapons policy grew in the 1960s, with many protests and demonstrations taking place in the US and other countries.The Counterculture Movement of the 1960s and 1970s
The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of a counterculture movement in the US and other parts of the world.
The movement was driven by protests against the Vietnam War and other political issues, as well as social and cultural changes.
Major themes of the movement included civil rights, feminism, environmentalism, producerism, gay liberation, and drug experimentation.
The movement gave rise to various subcultures, including the mod subculture and the hippie movement.
The mod subculture was focused on music, fashion, and motor scooters, while the hippie movement embraced new styles of dress, experimented with psychedelic drugs, and developed a vibrant music scene.
The counterculture movement was also marked by a focus on environmentalism, with concerns over pollution, resource allocation, and the effects of automobile-dependent lifestyles and nuclear energy.
Other key issues included civil rights, with protests against racial discrimination and the treatment of minorities, and feminism, with a challenge to traditional gender roles and a push for equal rights and opportunities for women.
The movement also saw the rise of producerism, with the National Farmers Organization advocating for the withholding of commodities to raise prices and gain media exposure.
The movement had a significant impact on philosophy, morality, music, art, and fashion, and many of its ideas and values continue to influence society today.
Drug experimentation, particularly with LSD, became a major component of the counterculture movement, influencing philosophy, art, music, and styles of dress.
The movement gave rise to subcultures that rejected mainstream society and sought to create alternative communities based on shared values and beliefs.
The movement was marked by clashes with the authorities, including the police and the government, and by a sense of rebellion against established norms and institutions.The Counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s
The sexual revolution challenged traditional codes of behavior related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships.
Underground newspapers and comix defined and communicated the counterculture's radical political opposition, experimental art, music, cinema, and uninhibited indulgence in sex and drugs.
Alternative disc sports, such as Frisbee, became popular among young people who sought alternatives to traditional social norms.
The Situationist International advocated for the fulfillment of human primitive desires and the pursuing of a superior passional quality through the construction of situations.
Fluxus encouraged a "do-it-yourself" aesthetic and valued simplicity over complexity, with a strong current of anti-commercialism and an anti-art sensibility.
Black Mask and the Motherfuckers were anarchist affinity groups that disrupted cultural events and advocated for revolutionary art as an integral part of life.
Bob Dylan's early career as a protest singer inspired the Folk Revival of the 1960s, while the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds and Good Vibrations influenced other contemporary acts and changed the perception of what a record could be.
The Beatles became the most prominent commercial exponents of the "psychedelic revolution" in the late 1960s.
Detroit's MC5 introduced a more aggressive evolution of garage rock fused with sociopolitical and countercultural lyrics, while Austin, Texas, was a hotbed of underground music and activism.
Rock festivals, such as Monterey Pop, Woodstock, and the Isle of Wight, played an important role in spreading the counterculture across the US.
Free jazz attempted to alter, extend, or break down the conventions of jazz, often by discarding hitherto invariable features of jazz such as fixed chord changes or tempos.
The phenomenon of adult erotic films being publicly discussed by celebrities and taken seriously by critics began in modern American culture in the 1960s, referred to as "porno chic" or the Golden Age of Porn.
The French New Wave filmmakers rejected classical cinematic form and engaged with the social and political upheavals of the era, making their radical experiments with editing, visual style, and narrative part of a general break with the conservative paradigm.