Untitled

Virus Shapes

• Helical and icosahedral are terms that describe the shapes of a virus envelope.

Viral Diseases

• Viruses can cause acute clinical illness and chronic progressive disease.

Cell Lines & Viral Replication

• Continuous cell lines cannot be used to support viral replication for extended periods.

RNA Viruses

• Herpesvirus and Adenovirus are not RNA viruses.

Lytic Virus Action

• A lytic virus infects cells and then releases only small amounts of virus.

Viral Infection Recovery

• Recovery mechanisms from viral infection involve multiple factors covered in "all of the above" options.

Viral Spikes

• Viral spikes are only found only on nonenveloped viruses which is false.

Culturing Animal Viruses

• Animal viruses are not cultured in bacteriological culture media.

Virus Differences

• Bacteriophages and animal viruses do not significantly differ in the release stage.

Virus Classification

• Size is not used as a criterion to classify viruses.

Lysogeny

• Lysogeny is defined as the period during replication when virions are not present.

Viral Biosynthesis

• Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template is the first step in the biosynthesis of a virus with a "minus" strand of RNA.

Enveloped Virus Exit

• Cell rupture is not the leading mechanism for enveloped viruses to leave a host cell.

Viral Particle Release

• Lytic viruses do not immediately start to release a large amount of viral particles after entering the target cells.

Virus Spread

• Rabies virus and herpes simplex virus are not examples of viruses that spread by the lymphatic system

Early Viral Genes

• Early viral genes expressed at the initial steps serve to take over the host machinery and uncoat the virus.

Influenza A Treatment

• Amantadine, a synthetic amine, inhibits influenza A virus by blocking viral uncoating and is used for prophylactic treatment.

Viral Disease Causation

• Many viral infections are subclinical and don't produce a clinical disease.

Cytopathic Effect

• Cell metabolism is intensified is not a cytopathic effect (CPE) of viruses.

Prion Diseases - Except

• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a human disease caused by prions, among others.

Skin Abrasion Entry

• Papillomavirus is an example of a virus that enters through skin abrasions.

Latent Viruses

• Viruses like human herpesvirus 1, can infect a cell without causing symptoms, and are called latent viruses.

Orthomyxoviruses

• Orthomyxoviruses show almost no difference with Paramyxoviruses EXCEPT that their genome is segmented.

Oncogenic Viruses

• Oncogenic viruses cause tumors to develop.

Parvovirus B19 Infections

• Preventative measures for parvovirus B19 infections is vaccination using vaccine containing recombinant VP2 viral antigen

Adenovirus Cytopathic Effects

• The penton bases of adenoviruses do not carry a toxin-like activity that causes rapid appearance of cytopathic effects

Parovirus B19 Pathologic Conditions

• Parvovirus B19 has been associated with a number of pathologic conditions including Fifth disease and Hydrops fetalis

Human Adenoviruses

• A type specific vaccine against all serotypes does not provide protection against human adenoviruses.

Parovirus B19 Properties

• Parvovirus B19 properties: All of the Above

Adenovirus Infections

Respiratory infections are most prevalent

Adenovirus Statements

• Virus spreads primarily by parenteral route is an incorrect statement

Genital Herpes

• Women with genital herpes reactivated in the last weeks of pregnancy can most likely to avoid passing HSV-2 on to their newborns if she undergoes Cesarian section

Smallpox, Monkeypox

• Smallpox vaccination is not protective in the case of a monkeypox infection outbreak

Texas Family MonkeyPox

• A family in Texas bought a pet rodent imported from Africa. Soon afterward, their 6-year-old son developed flu-like symptoms followed by pox-like lesions. Lab analysis diagnosed Monkeypox in both. Key statements:
  • The clinical disease resembles smallpox
  • Smallpox vaccination may be protective for monkeypox

Monkeypox Virus

• The clinical disease resembles Smallpox

Herpesviruses

• The replication cycle of different herpesviruses may vary from 18 to 70 hours

DNA Virus Assembly

• Most DNA viruses assemble and bud from the nucleus

Genital Infections

• Herpes simplex virus type 2 is the causative agent of genital infections

Poxviridae

• DNA replication occurs in the nucleus, and protein synthesis -in the cytoplasm does not characterize the poxviridae family

Rotaviruses

• Rotaviruses: 0

Picornaviruses

• Because picornaviruses do not have an envelope they are not inactivated by lipid solvents, such as ether

Vaccines

• There is no effective killed vaccine against the three major types of rhinoviruses
• Only the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine is recommended for use in the USA

Rhinovirus Correctness

• There are three antigenic types of rhinoviruses.

Foot and Mouth

• Foot and mouth disease causes blisters and the inability to walk in livestock.

Polio Falsehoods

• Most people infected with the poliovirus exhibit symptoms is a falsehood.

Enterovirus Infections

• Parenteral transfusions are not enterovirus infection sources

Tamiflu

• Using antivirals regularly like Relenza (zanamivir) and Tamiflu (oseltamivir) is not needed for seasonal flu outbreaks, vaccine for prevention is best

Human Coronaviruses

• Human coronaviruses do not typically cause common colds more frequently than rhinoviruses

Coronaviruses

• Coronaviruses do not contain a genome of single-stranded negative-sense RNA, instead Coronaviruses are enveloped and contain a genome of single-stranded positive-sense RNA

Coronavirus SARS

• The SARS coronavirus does not cause annual outbreaks during the winter

Influenza Pathogenesis

• The virus enters the host in airborne droplets is a statement that does reflect the pathogenesis of influenza
• The virus frequently establishes persistent infections in the lungs is a statement that does reflect the pathogenesis of influenza

Dog Bites - Action

• Confine and observe the dog for 10 days for signs suggestive of rabies is required

Scrapie

• No detectable nucleic acid characterizes the infectious scrapie agent.

Paramyxoviruses

• Respiratory Syncytial virus has an HN surface glycoprotein lacking hemagglutinin activity.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

– Deafness is a common defect associated with congenital rubella syndrome

Mumps Statements

• The testes, ovaries, and pancreas can be involved in mumps.

Rubella

• Acyclovir is not effectively used in the treatment of congenital rubella syndrome

Rubella Antibodies

• Women with no clinical history of rubella can still have neutralizing antibody in their serum

Respiratory Obstructions

• Laryngotracheobronchitis, a respiratory obstruction in infants due to swelling of the larynx and related structures, can be related to the infections caused by Parainfluenza virus type 1&2

Respiratory Disease - Virus Causes

• Rotavirus is not a cause of acute respiratory disease.

Fulminant HBV

• Fulminant HBV disease is mainly associated with superinfection by HDV, rarely with HAV or HCV.

Dane Particles

• In the serum samples of HbsAg-positive patients, 42-nm spherical virions (referred to as Dane particles) are hardly predominantly observed

HCV/HDV

• The US and Western Europe do not have immediate to high prevalence of HDV

People infected with HCV

People infected with HCV commonly become chronic carriers of the disease and are predisposed to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Which viruses

• Vertical transmission is possible with all of these.

Hepatitis E

• Most reliable test to prove a current hepatitis E infection is Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HEV RNA

Hepatitis

• Has acute hepatitis and is infectious.

Hepatitis G

• Hepatitis G virus has been classified as Flavivirdae.

Does not have RNA

• Hepatitis B virus

Monkeys and Ebola

• Monkeys are not considered natural reservoir hosts for the Ebola virus because most infected animals die rapidly to sustain virus survival.

Yellow Fever

• Neither, its zero

Both - Humans and YF

• Both Humans are not reservoirs for yellow fever

West Nile

• Arthropod-borne disease

Yellow fever vaccine

• None of the above

Dengue False Statement

• It is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans.

All of the following is correct regarding Flaviviruses except cause encephalitis

• All of the above is correct regarding Flaviviruses

Yellow fever vaccine to administer

Live attenuated virus

Most accurate regarding Dengue

• Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, monkeys are an important natural reservoir

Different for oncogenic action

• There are different mechanisms of action by oncogenic viruses for which neither statements are correct.

Supportive cell types for viral activity

Permissive cells support viral growth and production of progeny virus, nonpermissive cells do not and are changed.

Cancer and the virus

HIV: 0

HPV vaccine not correct

1. It contains virus-like particles composed of HPV L1 protein derived from HPV types 6, 32, 16, and 35.
2. The re-vaccinaiton is required every second year.

Gene that may cause intiation of cancer growth

• Oncogene

Not caused by E-B Virus

• Genital Tumors
• The hodgkins disease burkits lymphoma is

RNA Human Cancerous

• Flaviviridae is correct

Creutzfeld Jacob Disease

Loss = False.

HIV Viral Protease cleaves

The HIV viral protease

Stable Variation.

True

HIV ENZYME

• TRUE.

HIV INFECTIVITY

True

Combined Medicines for HIV?

True

Which of the following modes of transmission contains the most risk?

During Child Birth

Ataxua Slurred Speech

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease

Autposy Presentation;

All except viral like particles

Yeast Dimorphic and mold

False

Yeast amount

False

Asexual Spores

Arthoconidium

Characteristic one on dermaphytes?

Trichiphyton species

Superficial mycoses examples are all except

Tinea Pedis

Cutaneous exception:

Candida SPP related only to the infection.

Tines Nigras

• Mainfested in males is incorrect

Fungi and Antibotics

False

Fungus that grows agars

False

Cadidalis are correct:

2 statements for Candidials

Aspergillosis?

All statements are correct

HIV with AIDS Presentation;

Pneumocistis Jirorecci

Path Diagnosis;

True

Aspergillus Fumigatus

False

Each of the following are correct.

Trypanansoma CRUz

Vector

Mosqitoes and vector.

Protozoa that is false?

Most.

Black Water Fever is a special?

P, Malaria

What is a false statement about helmiths

Their digestive system = more complex

After attatchment in synthesis in genome

• Early RNA will synthsizie?

The Antriviral Oseltamivir;

Enfluenza A and B

Has a stong relastionship

morphology

Enlopped and Naked?

A:Enlopped are Inactived and nakeds spread by fecal route

Virus Lange form

A: 20-100 NM

Bacteria?

Plaque

Not Main Critetion;

B: Virus Size

Reverse transcriptase?

True

Binary fission.

False

Neris?

True

IN the below what's true for Enfluenza viruses.

Living LAB animls.

Stage infection of Replication.

Amino Acids

Hepatitius?

1

Interfens

1

##SSPE Not True

Multiprofille Clinical Laboratories

Detetion nucleic Acid

###73 Womans? Amantatine

Caustation of viral Disease

True

Which of the following is not a cytotoxic effect?

Increases celll growth

The cause by prions cept all but:

Japaneneise Enfluhalitas

Is a formidable barrier to virus entry?

Pappiloma Virus

Herpes Viral in cell no symtpyms;

Latent

According to

Genoue is segemtned.

True statements are correct? What if all of them are?

Caussse TUmors to develop

AdenalVurse

False

Virus Neutrilzatison.

• False?

replication of Hurricnaa

True

What is in Nucleus?

DNA?

Infectious progenic.

True

Follows?

• All routes True

Form of ?

Ss

How many generla?

5

Parvivdae?

Peeuonia

Hsv I and Hsv 2?

1

Patuents with Chicken Pox?

• One is false

Which of the following disease related

Berthitis LYMPHOMA

Once the person is exposed to the chicken?

7-14

Shingles and Chicken Pox are caused

Varicella

Humans hepres

• The herps is bad man

Rotavurs and Nowaks

calicivius

• small, Non, Segmented, RNA genome.

For Prenivitions vaccnes used.

• Is false.

Is the current recommendaiton to give live, attenuated to prevents childs body

The best is not an option

2 Rinhovis and 2 viruses. transmission

droplet aero

IN SUMMER what is true about echovirus?

Alenintary trat

The Frequency of a Coran virus?

Aboout.

Congetninalbites

is false.

RHA

Invertebarates

Rabbas virus

A DNA

ANTAGENIC

HEAMGLINONON

Which is correct

Contains severl sterotypes Varry from time to time

Testes

Is CORRECT. What is correct about mumps? Ovaries. Pancreas.

Not correcft

1 False.

RESPOTUTIORY

Parainfulenza

Not Acute.

Resotirtoty

What is not an example of coruona

Cross reactive antigens with influenza

best Vax Time best time is AUTUMN

What is NOT true

Prinepal

Double stand?

• 1

Main Tranmison Root?

All except sexual

Which causes of that are not correct?

TREAHTMENT

ADEMVURSES. What are the main ones prevemtn?

true statements

Majority of the poxvursr

Ttrue

.

The core o True

Three of the Following are...

Monkey POx,

NOTA TRUE SATEMENT ABOUT

Infection from the vzb

days on an infected person?

7-14 True.

Chickenpos and shingles ARE CAUSED BY

True

Rate?

True

Where is it most countgious

True

Norwaks adn

• NOT TRANSMITTED Y FECAL TRUE

Small non envelope

True

Prevention?

False. T-Here isn’t vaccicnes

Transmiteed BY:

Tranmsitiined.y: Trues

POx TRue statements

all:

Which is the best

A: True

Test

• True.

Following correct EXCEPT:

• Sandflies transmit

Giardia

Hemolytic anemia

Helminths true/false;

1 True.

Taenia

• True

Papua new Guine?

• True statements

Following not eating or under:

T solluim.

Method to what to look for?

Check adheszive Transparent

False statements for

True

What's the early stage MRNA?

Is true

IN THE INFECTIONS.what drug inhibits..

• Is True.

Have strong?

mprhpfy?

Envoleped?

Inactivated

Viruses range i . .

True

Bacterio Phage. How many count?

Is TRUE!!!

Which is the main criertion?

• false

Virus w R. T.?

A commentarY!!! Stranded, DNA from RNA!!! Template

true

• IS A False!

What is the early Viral Gene?

Lympah

#What's most Likely?

• False

HPT B and Hep c - EXAMPLES..

1??

TRUe!!

1!

the two main purposes of genes at the initial steps

TRUE. True! TRUE!

COngetal .. what route?

TRans

The following and In ?

Inhibition

Not an example

• shingle small

Pervarous,

False.

TRue statements are correct ? What

• False!

The Current... .

Receptors

Adevourse what can spread by following routes except???

The statement!

Unique Genome?

ssDNA small

Classification?

Gnera Genuia

What’s the wide but ?

• Serious.

- HSV

2 is: False!! AAAAAAGGH!!!

AADDITON of true

• True.

Human herper

• False
• false

Transmssion.

2 Which is Correct:

True

• Also True!!*

If live atttentrated vax

• True
• *False; does not cause paralyis true

Mosty..

Truy Drooplet,

• True

the what sympotims

Alminary route True TRUE!!