Year 8 Science Exam Must Know List PDF

***Year 8 Science Exam Must Know List*** ***Multicellular Organisms*** - define tissue, organ, body system, and anatomy. - describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and body systems. **Respiratory System** - Describe the role of the respiratory system. - Identify th...

***Year 8 Science Exam Must Know List*** ***Multicellular Organisms*** - define tissue, organ, body system, and anatomy. - describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and body systems. **Respiratory System** - Describe the role of the respiratory system. - Identify the key organs and structures of the respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, lungs, pharynx, epiglottis, alveoli, and diaphragm) and describe their functions. - Describe and explain the symptoms of emphysema and explain how smoking/vaping causes emphysema. **Circulatory System** - Describe the role of the circulatory system. - Identify key organ structures of the circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, arteries, veins, and capillaries) and explain their function. - Identify the main structures of the heart (right and left atria, right and left ventricles, and valves) and explain their functions. - Relate the presence of muscular walls in arteries and valves in the veins to the relative blood pressure they are exposed to. - Describe the components of blood and their functions, including red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, and platelets. **Plant Systems** - define photosynthesis and explain how it is how plants create their own glucose/food. - Describe the structure of leaf tissue and its role in light absorption and gas exchange for photosynthesis. - Describe the structure and the vascular tissue and its role in facilitating the movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant. **Graphs and Skills** - Interpret graphs and answer questions related to the represented data. ***Energy*** - Define the term energy and provide examples of types of energy. - Define energy transfer draw and interpret energy transfer diagrams. - Define potential energy and describe the following forms using examples: elastic potential energy, gravitational potential energy and chemical potential energy. - Define kinetic energy and describe the following forms using examples: electrical energy, thermal energy, sound energy - Define energy efficiency and relate the efficiency of an energy transformation with the amount of waste energy. - Describe the importance of energy efficiency. - Explain how at least one energy efficiency feature of a house improves efficiency. ***Earth Sciences*** - Describe the layered structure of the Earth, including the Earth's crust, mantle, core, and magma. - State that rocks occur in nature and are mixtures of minerals. - Explain that igneous rocks are formed when molten material from inside the Earth cools. - State and explain the relationship between cooling rate and crystal size in igneous rocks. - Explain that metamorphic rocks are formed when other types of rock are changed by heat and/or pressure. - Explain that sedimentary rocks are formed when other rocks are weathered into small pieces, deposited, and cemented together. - Differentiate between weathering and erosion. - Label, interpret, and generate a rock-cycle diagram. - Investigate what fossils are, how they might form in sedimentary rocks, and what humans can learn by studying them. - Describe tectonic plates and how they move and recognise the major plates on a world map. - Describe continental drift and the evidence that supports this theory. - Describe the interactions between plates at transform, converging and diverging boundaries. - Provide examples of natural events due to plate interactions, including earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. - Understand that plate tectonics is an ongoing process and that scientists have used data to predict the formation of another supercontinent in 250 million years