Elbow Joint X-Ray PDF

Elbow joint Dr khudhir ahmed aljoboury Board in diagnostic radiology Alkitab university Simple anatomy The elbow joint consisting of three bones ,1- lower humerus which contain , First anterior , A- capitulum ,at lateral aspect B- trochlea at medial aspect , Second posterior , Olecranon fossa 2- h...

Elbow joint Dr khudhir ahmed aljoboury Board in diagnostic radiology Alkitab university Simple anatomy The elbow joint consisting of three bones ,1- lower humerus which contain , First anterior , A- capitulum ,at lateral aspect B- trochlea at medial aspect , Second posterior , Olecranon fossa 2- head of the radius at lateral aspect 3- trochlear notch of the ulna bone at medial aspect , So the joint consisting of three bones Lower end of the humerus ,radius bone and ulna bone ,, Antero-posterior Position of patient and cassette • .• The arm iextended fully, such that the posterior aspect of the entire limb is in contact with the tabletop and the palm of the hand is facing upwards. • The cassette is positioned under the elbow joint, • The arm is adjusted such that the medial and lateral epicondyles are equidistant from the cassette. • The limb is immobilized using sandbags. Direction and centring of the X-ray beam • The vertical central ray is centred through the joint space 2.5 cm distal to the point midway between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus. Essential image The image should demonstrate the distal third of humerus and the proximal third of the radius and ulna. Lateral projection of elbow Position of patient and cassette • The patient is seated alongside the table, with the affected side nearest to the table. • The elbow is flexed to 90 degrees and the palm of the hand is rotated so that it is at 90 degrees to the tabletop. • . • The half of the cassette being used is placed under the patient’s elbow, The limb is immobilized using sandbags. Direction and centring of the Xray beam • The vertical central ray is centred over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Essential image characteristics •. • The image should demonstrate the distal third of humerus and the proximal third of the radius and ulna. Lecture 1 Introduction to Radiographic Positioning (Positioning Terminology ) Dr.Khudhir Ahmed Aljobouri ‫دﻛﺘﻮراه ﻓﻲ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺨﯿﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬ The radiology department is the main branch in diagnostic procedures and has communication with all medical branches like surgery, internal medicine , gynecology and pediatrics and they depending on radiology in decision making so you should build good relationship with your machine and then with other specialities to make diagnosis and help patients . Objectives 1. Describe the anatomical position 2. Describe three types of body sections. 3. Define anatomical terms and be able to use them in relation to the body /part positions. 4. Describe the directional and joint movement terms and be able to use them to position the relative body parts. 5. Define and describe the four types of body habitus and explain how they affect patient centering and positioning. Positioning Terminology Anatomic Position A person in the anatomical position is standing erect with the head, eyes and toes pointing forward, feet together with arms by the side. The palms of the hands are also point forward. The value of the anatomical position to make standard and constant (not variable ) relation between body parts and to make easy to detect site of pathology and relation of pathology to other organs . Body Planes A plane is a flat surface passed through the body or a portion of the body Body planes are divided into:- Longitudinal planes ◦Coronal ◦Sagittal Horizontal plane ◦Transverse Body Planes Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. Median plane Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves. Coronal or (Frontal) A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions. Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts. Directional Terms Lateral Vs. Medial Lateral : Away from the midline of the body (On the outer side of) e.g. the arms are lateral to the chest. Medial: Near to the midline of the body (On the Inner side of) e.g. the chest is medial to the arms Superior Vs. Inferior Superior ( cephalic/ cranial) Towards the head end or towards the upper part of a structure( above) e.g. The head is superior to the chest. Inferior (Caudal) Away from the head end or towards the lower part of a structure( Below) e.g. the abdomen is inferior to the chest. Anterior Vs. Posterior Anterior ( ventral ) Towards or at front of the body ( in front of) e.g. The sternum is anterior to the spine. Posterior (Dorsal ) Towards or at the back of the body ( Behind) e.g. The heart is posterior to the sternum. Proximal Vs. Distal Proximal : Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk e.g. The knee is proximal to the ankle. Distal : Farther or away from the origin of the body part or the attachment of a limb to the trunk e.g. The forearm is distal to the arm. Superficial Vs. Deep Superficial Towards or at the body surface e.g. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles Deep Away from the body surface ( more internal) e.g. The skeletal muscles are deep to the skin Abduction : movement away from the midline of the body or body part. Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body or body part. Flexion : Decrease in the angle of a joint by bending Extension: Increase in the angle of joint or straightening of a joint Note : Hyper flexion is over flexion while hyper extension is extension beyond normal limits