Population Study PDF

Popula on – set of people who usually reside in a given geographical territory. Popula on is characterized - Number of people that integrate = size or volume - Composi on according to biological and social variables. - Geographic se lement – e.g. loca on Concept of popula on...

Popula on – set of people who usually reside in a given geographical territory. Popula on is characterized - Number of people that integrate = size or volume - Composi on according to biological and social variables. - Geographic se lement – e.g. loca on Concept of popula on includes a dynamic evolu on - Dynamic as people die and people are born - Changes in volume and characteris cs Demography – a science whose object is the study of human popula ons. - Studies sta s cally the structure and dynamics and laws that govern phenomena. Louis henry - Sta c – studies human popula on at a specific me - Dynamic – studies human popula ons over me. Classifica on of demography - Sta c: Census (simple & par al), poll, ac ve popula on survey, approxima ve methods - Dynamic: Births, mortality, migra ons Public health needs to know the volume and structure and to foresee the dynamics of the popula on it cares for. Demography provides data for 1. Design of rates and other health indicators 2. Epidemiological studies 3. Public health planning and programming Demography provides necessary data to cover different types of needs: a. Norma ve needs: established by experts b. Expressed Needs.: necessi es expressed by the popula on when they are using health services. c. Compara ve needs: comparison between health necessi es in 2 different areas. d. Perceived needs: what people say they need and want A. Health problem iden fica on: 1. Obtain informa on 2. Data collec on 3. Presenta on of results 4. Establishing priori es. B. Analysis of health problem 1. Bibliography review 2. Descrip on of the target popula on 3. Exploring the problem 4. Analysis of factors influencing the problem  5. Asses and strengthen community resources. Sta c demography - Study at a given me of the size, structure and general characteris cs of the popula on of a territorial district. - De facto popula on – those actually present - De jure popula on – those who are registered in the poll Basic aspects of sta c demography a. The dimension – the number of persons normally residing in a geographically well delimited territory b. The structure – classifica on of its inhabitants according to person variables. c. Person characteris cs – UN considers necessary to know the following: sex, age, marital status, place of birth, na onality, language spoken, level of educa on, economic characteris cs and data on fer lity of women. Census - Set of opera ons aimed at gathering, summarizing, analysing, publishing, demographic, cultural, economic and social data on ALL the inhabitants of a country. - Fundamental source of sta c demographic data. - Following characteris cs o Universal, compulsory, secret o Renewed every 10 years simultaneously throughout the country. “Census moment” o Collects individualized informa on o Carried out simultaneously o Responsibly of state. o Sta s cal interest, but no administra ve interest. Resident popula on – Jure popula on Linked popula on – persons resident in Spain who may have some habitual link such as if they work or study, or not being their habitual residence. Simple census – Collects a small number of data, even just one, while retaining full coverage of popula on Par al census- survey is carried out on only part of the popula on, such that it represents the whole popula on. (Cheaper) Poll - Administra ve record of residents in the municipality - Data cons tutes proof of residence in the municipality and of usual residence. - Tries to record de facto popula on. - Second source of sta c demographic data. Poll characteris cs: - Record for administra ve purposes - Public, universal, individual and mandatory - Provides right to educa on and health  - Annual publica on with renewal every 5 years and at the same me in all towns. - Simultaneous in all municipali es of the country - Provides less data - There are open polls for record of births, deaths - Municipal poll contains name, sex, address, na onality, place and DOB, NIE/NIF Es ma ve methods - Es ma ve methods based on known indicators. - Used in very poor areas - More subjec ve than other methods. Ac ve popula on surveys - General popula on surveys – main purpose is to determine the ac ve popula on as well as consumer habits… Civil record - Vital phenomena such as changes of residence are mandatorily recorded. Popula on pyramids - Graphic display of the composi on of a popula on by age and sex - Graphical display shown by frequency histogram: o Y axis – Age o X Axis – Structure of popula on by sex o Male popula on on le o Female popula on on right Expression and analysis of data - Shows ra o between the two sexes - Shape reflects type of popula on - Natality and mortality - Offers the forecast of future popula on - Possible to quickly perceive various demographic phenomena. - Allows a comparison of the characteris cs of the popula on Types of pyramids - Triangular, progressive, pagoda pyramid – Wide base, both sexes decrease towards apex, typical of underdeveloped popula on with high birth rate and high mortality. - Stagnant or sta onary or bell shaped – shorter base, number of individuals decreases slowly towards the apex. Developed countries low birth rate. Sta onary popula on - Regressive – small base, popula on decreases very slowly towards the apex, very aged popula on, regressive, low birth rate, high level socioeconomic and health development.  Different indexes Common indexes – Sundbarg, Fritz Fritz index: - Relates the size of the popula on aged 0-19 years and 30-49 years old. - Formula: × 100 - Interpreta on: 161 young popula on Burgdofer index: - Comares only 2 popula on groups between 5-14 years and 4550 - Formula X1: × 100 - Formula X2: × 100