W11L3 Lecture Notes PDF

## 10/17 WIL Lecture 3 ### Group Influences in IQ * **What's Found:** * **Verbal:** Male < Female? * **Spatial:** Male > Female? * **IQ:** Male = Female? ### Why: * **Biological?** * **Cultural?** * General trend points to decline in gender differences over time in the past 50 y...

## 10/17 WIL Lecture 3 ### Group Influences in IQ * **What's Found:** * **Verbal:** Male < Female? * **Spatial:** Male > Female? * **IQ:** Male = Female? ### Why: * **Biological?** * **Cultural?** * General trend points to decline in gender differences over time in the past 50 years. ### Facial Differences * **They are real:** * Asian-American & White-Americans > Black-Americans * **Why are there differences?** * **Genetics?** * **Environment?** * Hard to predict, differences are only on average ### The Bell Curve (1994) * **Hernstein & Murray (1994) argue:** * Racial differences are inherent because heritability * Even after accounting for H there is still a significant difference * Proposed removal of aid for underprivileged communities. ### Premises: * There has to be a meaningful single number that can be given to intelligence - it must be heritable * You have to be able to rank people - it must be measurable/changeable ### American Psychological Association declared the claims in "The Bell Curve" are not biased * However, there is a difference between bias and fairness * Bias is a statistical issue * Fairness is a social issue (what is considered) ### Stereotype Threat * **Steele & Aronson (1995) gave IQ tests to White & Black:** * Told it was important * Told it was unimportant * Race difference only appeared when they were told it was important and they were being measured. ### The Flynn Effect * **Flynn (1987) showed 5-25 IQ increases but SAT scores remained unchanged throughout the 20th century** * New updates being renamed resets average to 100 which masks falsely of intelligence. * Found consistent IQ rising. ### Why? * Can't be evolution, only been 1-2 generations. * Environment? Nutrition? School improvement? Test familiarity? * Changes in child rearing? ### Flynn's explanation: * A gradual and fundamental change in how day-to-day thinkers function * Which everyday becomes more theoretical rather than concrete.