Moreh Academy Media and Information Literacy PDF

MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY ...

MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] I. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY COMMUNICATION ✓ A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors. ✓ The process by which messages and information is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself. TWO BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ✓ Verbal (Oral)- the use of spoken words ✓ Non- Verbal (Written) Examples: signs, symbols, colors, gestures, body language, facial expression THE EIGHT (8) ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS ✓ Source- it is where the message came from. She/he decides what message is to be transmitted. ✓ Encoding- the process by which a message is translated so it can be transmitted and communicated to another party. ✓ Transmitting- the actual of sending the message. It can either be through the person’s vocal cords and facial muscles complemented with the gestures if we mean the act of speaking. ✓ Channels- technologies are the lines that enable the act of sending or transmitting. ✓ Decoding- it is the process by which the receiver translates the sources thoughts and ideas so they can have meaning. ✓ Receiver- is the one who gets the message that was transmitted through the channels. ✓ Feedback- is the response generated by the message that was sent to the receive ✓ Noise Interference- the interference is known as noise. Noise maybe treated both literally and figuratively. OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (1954) ✓ Communication is a two-way street, with a sender and a receiver. ✓ Charles Egerton Osgood popularized the notion that communication was circular rather than linear. MEDIA ✓ Media is the plural form of medium. ✓ Describes as any channel of communication. ✓ Encompasses the art, news, educational content, and numerous other forms of information TYPES OF LITERACY ✓ MEDIA LITERACY The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. ✓ INFORMATION LITERACY The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats. ✓ TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL) LITERACY The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to use technological tools responsibly, appropriately, and effectively.  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] II. EVOLUTION OF MEDIA ✓ Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. Examples: Cave paintings (35,000 BC) Dibao in China (2nd Century) Clay tablets in Mesopotamia Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC (2400 BC) Codex in the Mayan region (5th Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) Century) Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD) ✓ Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient. Transistor Radio Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704 (1960) Television (1941) Personal computers - i.e. Hewlett Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976) OHP, LCD projectors Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC ✓ Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). Examples: Printing press for mass Commercial motion pictures production (19th century) (1913) Newspaper- The London Telegraph Gazette (1640) Motion picture Telephone (1876) photography/projection (1890) Commercial motion pictures Typewriter (1800) (1913) Motion picture with sound (1926) ✓ Information Age (1900s-2000s) The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Examples: ✓ SEARCH ENGINES- e.g Google (1996), Yahoo! (1995) ✓ SOCIAL NETWORK- e.g Facebook (2004) ✓ VIDEO SHARING- e.g YouTube (2005), Tiktok (2016) ✓ PORTABLE COMPUTERS- e.g SmartPhones (1992), Laptops (1980)  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] FOUR THEORIES OF THE PRESS ✓ AUTHORITARIAN All forms of communications are under control media is controlled Government has all the rights to restrict/censor any sensitive issues from press to maintain peace and security in the nation. ✓ SOVIET MEDIA The state has the absolute power to control any media for the benefits of the people The state puts an end to private ownership of the press and media. The public is encouraged to give feedback ✓ LIBERTERIAN free from any authority or any control the people are more than enough to find & judge good ideas from bad press is not restricted Liberalism means information is knowledge and knowledge are power ✓ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Social responsibility should be reached by self-control, not government intervention. View media ownership as a form of public trust. Media should follow agreed codes of ethics and conduct. III. TYPES OF MEDIA ✓ PRINT MEDIA Refers to paper publications such as books, newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, and other materials that are physically printed on paper. Examples: books, magazines, journals, newspapers, newsletters, gazzete, pamphlets, flyers and leaflets. ✓ BROADCAST MEDIA Broadcast media consist of programs produced by television network and radio stations. Examples: radio, television, and film. ✓ NEW MEDIA (INTERNET) Internet is an electronic communications network that connects people through various networks and organizational computer facilities around the world. Features: 1.Webpage 2. Hypertext 3. Instant Messaging 4. E-mail 5. Distance Education 6. E-Book 7. Online Shopping 8. Media Convergence ✓ SYNERGY Is an interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effect. ✓ MEDIA CONVERGENCE Combination of various elements to create a whole. The ability to transform different kinds media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices, from the personal computer to the mobile phone, thus creating a digital communication environment.  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] IV. TYPOLOGY OF INFORMATION 1. FACTUAL VS. ANALYTICAL FACTUAL ANALYTICAL Based on evidence and findings Analysis or interpretations of facts by an provided by reliable sources. individual. Examples: Books Examples: Encyclopedias Feature articles Periodicals Commentaries Reviews 2. SUBJECTIVE VS. OBJECTIVE SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Information is about the discussion and Information is unbiased & does not lead elaboration of thesis statement which still you to judge the information in a certain anchored on facts. way. Examples: Examples: Editorial Scientific papers Web log entries News report 3. CURRENT VS. HISTORICAL CURRENT HISTORICAL How up-to-date or recent the Used to describe an event or information is. phenomenon. Examples: Examples: Internet Artifacts Databases Historical Channels Social Media Diaries of prominent people News Channels 4. SCHOLARLY VS. POPULAR SCHOLARLY POPULAR It is a product of an author’s expertise & Appeals to general interest & usually study on the subject matter. It is usually per found in general circulation reviewed materials 5. PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY VS. TERTIARY PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY Original first-hand Usually written by Topic review; and information. someone other than usually include Hasn’t been interpreted, the original author bibliographies of analyzed, condensed, or primary & secondary changed. sources. Examples: Examples: Examples Diary, speech, letter, interview, Textbooks, Bibliography (citation photograph encyclopedias, News list) of primary & commentaries. secondary sources about a person or topic  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] V. MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES 1. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE Refers the local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. Indigenous Media It is owned, controlled, and managed by indigenous people. 2. LIBRARY It is a place and a “means of access to information, ideas and works of imagination”. CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARIES School Libraries Academic Libraries Public Libraries Special Libraries 3. INTERNET A global network of computers that allows computer users around the world to share information for various purposes VI. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES LANGUAGE A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols, that permit all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of the culture to communicate or to interact. MEDIA LANGUAGES Denotes how media producers make meaning about a certain medium they are producing and how they transfer that meaning to their target audience. DENOTATIVE Meaning CONNOTATIVE Meaning Literal meaning of the media Various interpretations that media suggests to the audience which are often associated with culture, values, beliefs, etc. Example: Example: HOME- a place where you live. HOME- (warmth, comfort, safety) MEDIA CODES Tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media forms and product that have a commonly established meaning to the target audience. TYPES OF MEDIA CODES TECHNICAL CODES Codes specific to a media form alone. These are tools that media producers use to construct or to create a media product. This include camera angles, camera shots, framing, exposure, lighting and sound. SYMBOLIC CODES The meaning of the product is not based on the product itself but on the interpretation of the audience; audience-based. WRITTEN CODES Formal written language used in creating a media product. MEDIA CONVENTIONS Possible methods in which codes are organized in a product; based on a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior. TYPES OF MEDIA CONVENTION FORM CONVENTION Ways in which the types of media codes are expected to be arranged. STORY CONVENTION Refer to basic structures of narratives. GENRE CONVENTION The common use of the elements of narratives such as the characters, settings, or themes in a certain type of media.  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] MEDIA MESSAGES Pieces of information sent from a source to a receiver; ideas that may arise from media contents. MEDIA PRODUCERS The media producers refer to the people who initiate, plan, and produce media texts. MEDIA STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders refer to people or organizations that share the same interests or intentions. MEDIA AUDIENCE A significant element in delivering media texts. VII. LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MIL DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP Digital citizenship is the “ability to find, access, use and create information effectively; engage with other users and with content in an active, critical, sensitive and ethical manner; and navigate the online and ICT environment safely and responsibly, being aware of one’s own rights” INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY It refers to the “creations of the mind” such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce”. TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1. COPYRIGHT It is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works and gives the creator the sole right to publish and sell that work. 2. PLAGIARISM An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author. 3. PATENT It is an exclusive right granted for an invention. It provides the patent owner with the right to consent to the invention or a way for others to use it. 4. TRADEMARK It is a distinguished sign of goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. 5. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN It defines as an ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an item. 6. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF ORIGIN These are signs used on products possessing qualities, a status, or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that location of origin. COMMON ISSUES ON DATA PRIVACY 1. Hacking- it involves activities that seek to compromise digital devices, such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and even entire networks. 2. Phishing- it is a type of social engineering attack often used to steal user data, including login credentials and credit card numbers. 3. Identity Theft- it occurs when a criminal obtains or uses the personal information of someone else to assume their identity or access their account for the purpose of committing fraud, receiving benefits or gaining financially in some way CYBERCRIME It is also called computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing identities, or violating privacy. CYBERBULLYING It is the use of digital means of communication that could hurt or harass a person.  MOREH ACADEMY RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE Blk 52, Lot 31, Purok 2, A. Bonifacio Avenue, cor Ricahuerta St., Upper Bicutan Taguig City Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: [email protected] DIGITAL DIVIDE The digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology (ICT), and those that don't or have restricted access. FAKE INFORMATION False information is news, stories, or hoaxes created to deliberately misinform or deceive readers. NETIQUETTE Netiquette or network etiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online. VIRTUAL SELF It Is how you present yourself on online platforms. Whatever you say or do on the Internet can be viewed and others can easily pass judgment without even knowing who you are outside the virtual environment. DIGITAL FOOTPRINT It is any data record of the things you do online. Anything on the Internet with your name creates a trail of data about you. COMPUTER ADDICTION It is the “over-dependence or a damaging need to do something on computer or internet