MIL Handouts - Q1 2024 PDF

HANDOUT FOR MIL 011-MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY LESSON #1: COMMUNICATION, MEDIA, AND INFORMATION COMMUNICATION – is the act of passing or sharing information from one person to another. It is also the sharing or exchanging of thoughts, ideas, feelings with others or within a gr...

HANDOUT FOR MIL 011-MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY LESSON #1: COMMUNICATION, MEDIA, AND INFORMATION COMMUNICATION – is the act of passing or sharing information from one person to another. It is also the sharing or exchanging of thoughts, ideas, feelings with others or within a group (Oxford Advance Learning Dictionary). ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION AND ITS PROCESS SENDER – initiate the communication MESSAGE- made of ideas and feelings that the sender-receiver wants to share CHANNEL- means through w/c we transmit the message RECEIVER-recipient of the message FEEDBACK/ RESPONSE –behavioral response CONTEXT – setting/ environment in which the communication occurs. NOISE- interference or barrier in communication. MEDIA- Media are commonly associated with television, radio, newspaper, and the internet. MASS MEDIA- a type of media used to reach a large audience. LESSON #2: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY LITERACY – The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, Page 1 of 8 develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider society. MEDIA LITERACY – The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional and new technologies. INFORMATION – A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols. INFORMATION LITERACY – The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY – The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY – The essential skills and competencies that allow individual to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens. LESSON #3: THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) People discovered fire, developed paper from plants and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) People use the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) – The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient. Information Age (1900s-2000s) – The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the used of microelectronics with Page 2 of 8 the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. LESSON #4: TYPES OF MEDIA Print Broadcast New Media Newspaper, Magazine, Radio, Television Social Media (Facebook, Brochure, etc YouTube, etc) Media Convergence Media Convergence – the co-existence of print, broadcast, and new media. It is the ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code which will be accessible by a range of devices, thus creating a digital communication environment. LESSON #5: TYPES OF MEDIA SOURCES These are the different media sources: 1. Library- A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are stored. Four types of Libraries: ACADEMIC LIBRARY PUBLIC LIBRARY SCHOOL LIBRARY SPECIAL LIBRARY 2. Internet- A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected network using standardized communication protocol. Evaluating information found on the internet: AUTHORSHIP PUBLISHING BODY ACCURACY AND VERIFIABILITY CURRENCY Page 3 of 8  3. Indigenous Sources- It is a native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular region or locality. Indigenous Knowledge- knowledge that is unique to specific culture or society; most often it is not written down. Indigenous Communication – transmission of information through local channels or forms Indigenous Media- define as forms of media expression, conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicle for communication. Information gathered from the above-mentioned sources should be checked through the following factors: Reliability of information – Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. Accuracy of information – Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Value of information – information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. Authorities of the source – much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Timeliness – Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced. Note: things to consider in evaluating information sources: Reliability, accuracy, value, authority, timeless (REVAT). LESSON #6: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES “Language is the source of misunderstandings” -Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900-1944) Page 4 of 8 Media Languages- are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of the messages to an audience. Genre – it comes from the French word meaning ‘type’ or ‘class’; it can be recognized by its common set of distinguishing features: a. Codes - are systems of signs which create meaning b. Conventions – are the generally accepted ways of doing something. Types of Codes A. Technical Codes – ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting, and etc.) B. Symbolic Codes – show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, etc.) C. Written Codes – use of language and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.) Note: semiotics is a study of signs. LESSON #7: LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LEGAL is an adjective and a noun used to describe anything that concerns the law or its workings. Legal is associated with all equipment, processes, procedures, practices, languages, cultures, and other relative concepts in the system of the law. ETHICAL Ethics is related to the moral obligation of knowing what is right and wrong that guides people to choose what is accepted over unaccepted, and to do what needs to be done and what is just INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES SEC. 4. Definitions. – 4.1. The term "intellectual property rights" consists of: Page 5 of 8  Copyright and Related Rights; Trademarks and Service Marks; Geographic Indications; Industrial Designs; Patents; Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits; Protection of Undisclosed Information (n, TRIPS). COPYRIGHT-a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works PATENT- an exclusive right granted for an invention. It provides patent owner the right to decide how-or whether- the invention can be used by others. TRADEMARKS- a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN- constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. LESSON #8 : SOCIETAL ISSUES IN THE INFORMATION AGE The following are the societal issues we face in the information age: NETIQUETTE The word “netiquette” comes from the word “network” and “etiquette” thereby making it the social guidelines on the internet. DIGITAL DIVIDE Refers to the gap between groups, broadly construed, in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge, skills and even attitude in information and communication technologies. INTERNET ADDICTION The excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviors regarding computer use and internet access that lead to impairment or distress. CYBERBULLYING Refers to the use of information technology to harm or harass other people in a deliberate, repeated, and hostile manner. There are various ways in which cyber bullying may occur: Flaming Harassment Cyberstalking Denigration Masquerade Outing/ Trickery Page 6 of 8  Exclusion LESSON #9: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION a. Economic, Educational, Social and Political The Economics of media can be explained in the simple equation Ratings= Revenues Media and information have made a radical impact in Education. Learning has never been easier and at the same time more complicated than it is today in the age of media and information. The Society is heavily influenced by media and information. It is no surprise then that media and information have been linked to social changes. Oxford bibliographies referred to the social change as a significant alteration of social structure. Politics regulates the media industry. They enforce the rules and regulations governing the media industry as prescribed in a country’s current political system. It is for this reason that the nature of media varies from country to country. b. Threats, Risks, Abuse and Misuse Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: No law shall be passed abridging the freedom speech, of expression, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for the redress of grievances. Libel – “a public malicious imputation of a crime, or a vice or a defect, real or imaginary or any act of omission, condition, status, or circumstances tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or judicial person to blacken the memory of one who is dead.” Slander - Oral defamation Anti-obscenity law- “performing live sexual acts of whatever for” Anti-Camcording Act of 2010- “prohibits and penalized the unauthorized use” Piracy – “the unauthorized copying, reproduction, dissemination, or distribution, importation, use, removal, alteration, substitution, modification, storage, uploading, Page 7 of 8 downloading, communication, making available to the public, or broadcasting of protected material, electronic signature and copyrighted. Sedition- Pertains to subversive acts, such as rebellion and insurrection, which incite people against the government and resist its lawful authority and jurisdiction. Right of privacy – The civil codes provides that “every person shall respect the dignity, personality, privacy and peace of mind of his neighbors and other person.” Cybercrime law- covers all the online anomalies such as identify theft, child pornography, date misuse, cybersquatting, and other computer related and internet-facilitated practices. LESSON #9: CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION TRENDS IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION 1. Innovation Stage – Introduction of a new medium 2. Penetration Stage – the technology enters the market 3. Peak Stage - the medium gains the most attention and utilization 4. Decline Stage – the audience starts to shift to another medium 5. Adaptation Stage – the declining medium should find ways to counter the shifting balance or else it may become obsolete. PREPARED BY: MS. DIANE REYES Page 8 of 8