Working Memory Model PDF

The Working Memory Model Key terms Focused on STM only and believed it was not a unitary store (like the MSM suggests) Their working memory model is an explanation of how STM is organised and how it functions The model of STM consists of four components Baddel...

The Working Memory Model Key terms Focused on STM only and believed it was not a unitary store (like the MSM suggests) Their working memory model is an explanation of how STM is organised and how it functions The model of STM consists of four components Baddel Hitch ey The three-store STM stemmed from research using a ‘dual-task technique’ (or ‘interference tasks’), whereby performance is measured as participants perform two tasks simultaneously. The following observations provided evidence to suggest different, limited-capacity STM stores process different types of memory: If one store is utilised for both tasks, then task performance is poorer than when they are completed separately, due to the store’s limited capacity E.g. repeating “the the the” aloud and reading some text silently would use the articulatory-phonological loop for both tasks, slowing performance. If the tasks require different stores, performance would be unaffected when performing them simultaneously E.g. repeating “the the the” aloud whilst performing a reasoning task (requiring attention, i.e. the central executive), or whilst following a mobile stimulus with your eyes (using the visuo-spatial sketchpad). Set this up and test your table group! Dual Task Performance If one store is utilised for both tasks, then task performance is poorer than when they are completed separately, due to the store’s limited capacity Hitch states that people can perform two tasks at the same time as long as the tasks use different components of the working memory system. However, if they are using the same parts of the same component, processing will slow down. The Working Memory Model Central Executive Key component in model Functions: Direct attention to tasks – decides what working memory pays attention to The central executive controls the ‘slave systems’ (VSS and PL) Data arrives from the senses or from the LTM Has limited capacity as it can only attend to a certain number of things at a time  One of the two Slave Systems… Phonological Loop Limited Capacity Deals with auditory information and preserves word order – Inner Ear Codes acoustically Baddeley (1986) further subdivided it into Phonological store (holds words heard) Articulatory process/loop (holds words heard/seen) and silently repeated (looped) like an inner voice. This is a kind of maintenance rehearsal.  2nd Slave System… Visuo-spatial sketchpad Visual and/or spatial information stored here – Inner Eye Visual = what things look like Spatial = relationships between things Limited capacity Logie (1995) suggested subdivision: Visual-cache – stores info about visual items e.g. form and colour. Inner scribe for spatial relations which stores the arrangement of objects. Episodic buffer Baddeley (2000) later added episodic buffer as he realised model needed a more general store Slave systems (VSS and PL) deal with specific types of information Central executive has no storage capacity Buffer is an extra storage system but with limited capacity Integrates information from all other areas Maintains a sense of time sequencing – recording events that are happening AO2 = 4 Possible content: Reference to attentional capacity/capacity of the central executive – because driving is an ‘automated’ task for Bryan, it makes fewer attentional demands on his central executive so he is free to perform other tasks (such as talking or listening to music); this is not the case for Bob who requires all of his attentional capacity for driving. Credit reference to Bob’s inability to dual-task and to divide resources effectively between components of working memory. Credit the idea that Bryan is able to divide resources between his visuo- spatial scratch / sketch pad (driving) and articulatory control process / articulatory / phonological loop / primary acoustic store (talking and listening to music) and thus to dual-task. Leve Marks Description l Knowledge of relevant features of the working memory model is clear and accurate. The application of these to the scenario is effective. 2 3–4 At the top of the band there must be reference to both characters in the stem. Specialist terminology is used effectively. Knowledge of relevant features of the working memory model lacks clarity/accuracy/detail. 1 1–2 Application may be limited or absent. Specialist terminology is not always used effectively. 0 No relevant content.