Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Central Executive in the Working Memory Model?
What is the primary function of the Central Executive in the Working Memory Model?
- To direct attention to tasks (correct)
- To process auditory information
- To store long-term memory
- To visualize spatial tasks
The Phonological Loop is responsible for visual information processing.
The Phonological Loop is responsible for visual information processing.
False (B)
What happens to task performance when two tasks utilize the same STM store?
What happens to task performance when two tasks utilize the same STM store?
Performance is poorer.
The __________ is the capacity-limited system that processes auditory information in the Working Memory Model.
The __________ is the capacity-limited system that processes auditory information in the Working Memory Model.
Match the components of the Working Memory Model to their functions:
Match the components of the Working Memory Model to their functions:
According to Hitch, when can two tasks be performed simultaneously without affecting performance?
According to Hitch, when can two tasks be performed simultaneously without affecting performance?
The Working Memory Model suggests that working memory is a unitary store.
The Working Memory Model suggests that working memory is a unitary store.
What phenomenon is demonstrated by the 'dual-task technique'?
What phenomenon is demonstrated by the 'dual-task technique'?
Which component is responsible for maintaining a sense of time sequencing in the working memory model?
Which component is responsible for maintaining a sense of time sequencing in the working memory model?
The central executive has a significant storage capacity for information.
The central executive has a significant storage capacity for information.
What are the two subdivisions of the visuo-spatial sketchpad proposed by Logie?
What are the two subdivisions of the visuo-spatial sketchpad proposed by Logie?
The _____ controls the articulatory process for verbal information.
The _____ controls the articulatory process for verbal information.
Which of the following best describes the role of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Which of the following best describes the role of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Match the following components of working memory with their functions:
Match the following components of working memory with their functions:
Bryan can dual-task effectively while driving owing to the limited demands on his central executive.
Bryan can dual-task effectively while driving owing to the limited demands on his central executive.
Flashcards
Working Memory Model
Working Memory Model
A model explaining how short-term memory (STM) is organized and functions, consisting of four components: central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
Central Executive
Central Executive
The key component of the working memory model, acting as the 'boss' by directing attention to different tasks, controlling the slave systems, and managing information flow.
Slave Systems
Slave Systems
The components of the working memory model that are controlled by the central executive, such as the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad.
Phonological Loop
Phonological Loop
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Phonological Store
Phonological Store
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Articulatory Process/Loop
Articulatory Process/Loop
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Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
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Episodic Buffer
Episodic Buffer
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Visual Information
Visual Information
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Spatial Information
Spatial Information
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Limited Capacity of VSS
Limited Capacity of VSS
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Dual-tasking
Dual-tasking
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Study Notes
Working Memory Model
- The model focuses on short-term memory (STM)
- It's not considered a unitary store, unlike the multi-store model
- It details how STM is organized and functions
- The STM model comprises four components
Components of the Working Memory Model
-
Central Executive:
- Directs attention to tasks, deciding what working memory attends to
- Controls "slave systems" (visuo-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop)
- Receives information from senses or long-term memory
- Has a limited capacity, attending to a finite number of things at once
-
Phonological Loop:
- Limited capacity dealing with auditory information
- Preserves word order
- Codes acoustically
- Subdivided into phonological store (holds heard words) and articulatory process/loop (for rehearsing heard/seen words, akin to inner speech)
-
Visuo-spatial Sketchpad:
- Stores visual and/or spatial information
- Visual component: processing what things look like
- Spatial component: processing relationships between things
- Limited capacity
- Further divided into visual cache (stores info like form and color) and inner scribe (stores spatial relations between objects)
-
Episodic Buffer:
- Added later by Baddeley
- A more general store (needed beyond the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad)
- Processes information from all other areas of working memory
- Integrates information from various components of working memory
- Has a limited capacity
- Maintains a sense of time sequencing (recording events)
Dual-Task Performance
- If a task uses the same component/store, performance decreases compared to separate tasks
- This is due to the limited capacity of that specific component
- People can usually perform multiple tasks simultaneously if they use different components of working memory
Examples (Bryan and Bob)
-
Bryan, a five-year experienced driver, can hold conversations or listen to music whilst driving; this shows efficient use of different components (central executive, visuo-spatial sketchpad, phonological loop).
-
Bob, with only four driving lessons, struggles with dual-tasking. This suggests his central executive is struggling to divide resources effectively between the driving task and the instruction information
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