WH Mesopotamia Lecture PDF

TITLE TOPIC/MAIN NOTES IDEAS Africa Theory Pattern - migrating to areas with direct access to water First humans originating from East Africa (2000 years ago) Migrated across Nile River and Saudi Arabia Goes...

TITLE TOPIC/MAIN NOTES IDEAS Africa Theory Pattern - migrating to areas with direct access to water First humans originating from East Africa (2000 years ago) Migrated across Nile River and Saudi Arabia Goes North to Russia, Northern America Later, moves down to the Southern tip of South America Civilizations were built around rivers for the water source (food, drinking, etc) Early Homosapians Homosapians = Humans Circa = Around, not exact date BCE = Before Common Era BC = Before Christ AD = After Death CE = Common Era Egalitarian = Equal Paleolithic = Old Stone Age Neolithic = New Stone Age Pattern - Shift from hunters to farmers/Neolithic Agricultural Revolution (Circa 10,000 - 8,000) Shift due to a woman from Iraq Egalitarian (men have certain roles, women have certain roles) society More food → greater population Pattern - Clear division between people (Neolithic because people are not nomadic) Working side by side Pattern - Domesticating animals Using animals for multiple purposes ○ Cow → food, milk, clothing, power Women’s Role Pattern - Diminished roles for women Egalitarian society to Patriarchal ○ Women taking a supportive role ○ Men + animals doing majority of the labor Impact of NAR Artisan = Skilled worker Pattern - Significant change More food → greater population Greater population → division of labor ○ Schools (principal, deans, teachers, etc) No migration Artisans/Specialized ○ Create bricks from dried mud, fences for animals,  ziggurats (food storage/religious temples) ○ Religious temples infer that old civilizations believed in something higher than themselves Most are polytheistic Few are monotheistic Social classes emerging Egalitarian society to Patriarchal Mesopotamia City States = Region ruled as its own nation Pattern - City States East Africa → Egypt → Mesopotamia Creation of City States ○ Babylon ○ Sumer ○ Assyrian Advancements ○ Chariots 2 people Manages horse Warfare ○ Ziggurats ○ Irrigation system ○ Written language (Cuneiform) ○ Astronomy Develops calendars ○ Metallurgy Melting + mixing copper with tin ○ Shipbuilding ○ Creation of the Wheel