Weeks 7-12 Quiz 5 PDF

**Margaret Mead argued that adolescence is biologically determined and consistent across all cultures.**\ **Correct Answer:** False\ **Explanation:** Mead's work in Samoa demonstrated that adolescence is culturally constructed, challenging the idea that it is universally stressful. **John Barker's...

**Margaret Mead argued that adolescence is biologically determined and consistent across all cultures.**\ **Correct Answer:** False\ **Explanation:** Mead's work in Samoa demonstrated that adolescence is culturally constructed, challenging the idea that it is universally stressful. **John Barker's concept of reciprocity reflex describes the importance of mutual social obligations, as seen in Maisin practices.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** Barker identified the \"reciprocity reflex\" in Maisin culture, where actions are performed without questioning because they align with ingrained reciprocal norms. **Clifford Geertz's theory of \"thick description\" focuses on analyzing cultural symbols to uncover deeper social meanings.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** Geertz's interpretive approach emphasizes understanding the layers of meaning in cultural practices, such as rituals or symbols, to grasp their broader significance. **Which group practices the Kula exchange, a ceremonial trading system involving shell necklaces and armbands to build alliances and prestige?**\ a) Kwakiutl\ b) Yanomami\ c) Trobriand Islanders\ d) Azande\ e) Nuu-chah-nulth\ **Correct Answer:** c) Trobriand Islanders **Which group uses the poison oracle to determine the cause of misfortunes and resolve disputes?**\ a) Inuit\ b) Azande\ c) Yanomami\ d) Maisin\ e) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ **Correct Answer:** b) Azande **Which group uses song duels as a method of conflict resolution where disputing parties perform satirical songs?**\ a) Inuit\ b) Yanomami\ c) Trobriand Islanders\ d) Azande\ e) Nuu-chah-nulth\ **Correct Answer:** a) Inuit **Which group performs tapa cloth-making rituals where women abstain from certain activities to ensure spiritual and physical harmony in their craft?**\ a) Maisin\ b) Yanomami\ c) Kwakiutl\ d) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ e) Pueblo\ **Correct Answer:** a) Maisin **Which group uses reciprocal feasting and potlatch ceremonies to redistribute wealth and reinforce social hierarchies?**\ a) Kwakiutl\ b) Trobriand Islanders\ c) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ d) Maisin\ e) Yanomami\ **Correct Answer:** a) Kwakiutl **Which group organizes their social structure around big men who gain influence through persuasion, generosity, and organizing feasts?**\ a) Trobriand Islanders\ b) Yanomami\ c) Kwakiutl\ d) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ e) Azande\ **Correct Answer:** b) Yanomami **Which group practices fraternal polyandry, where a woman marries multiple brothers to preserve family resources?**\ a) Yanomami\ b) Tibetan communities\ c) Kwakiutl\ d) Maisin\ e) Pueblo\ **Correct Answer:** b) Tibetan communities **Which group values oral traditions and ensures alliances through the strict enforcement of exogamy?**\ a) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ b) Nuu-chah-nulth\ c) Tahltan\ d) Kwakiutl\ e) Australian Aboriginals\ **Correct Answer:** c) Tahltan **Which group believes in skinwalkers---half-human, half-animal beings---associated with witchcraft and misfortune?**\ a) Inuit\ b) Yanomami\ c) Navajo\ d) Azande\ e) Kwakiutl\ **Correct Answer:** c) Navajo **Which group incorporates Dreamtime in their belief system, connecting spiritual creation stories to present-day land stewardship?**\ a) Pueblo\ b) Australian Aboriginals\ c) Trobriand Islanders\ d) Azande\ e) Maisin\ **Correct Answer:** b) Australian Aboriginals **Which group conducts the Mourning War tradition as a form of conflict and diplomacy?**\ a) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)\ b) Nuu-chah-nulth\ c) Kwakiutl\ d) Yanomami\ e) Pueblo\ **Correct Answer:** a) Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) **Which group integrates corn farming into their ceremonial and social practices, emphasizing harmony and balance?**\ a) Pueblo\ b) Australian Aboriginals\ c) Maisin\ d) Yanomami\ e) Kwakiutl\ **Correct Answer:** a) Pueblo 1. **E.B. Tylor developed the theory of animism, which posits that early humans attributed spiritual qualities to natural objects.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** Tylor's theory of animism explains the belief in spiritual beings as the earliest form of religion, forming the foundation of later complex belief systems. 2. **Marcel Mauss's theory of gift exchange emphasizes that giving is a social obligation, creating reciprocal relationships and maintaining societal cohesion.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** Mauss argued that gifts are never free; they carry obligations to give, receive, and reciprocate, reinforcing social bonds. 3. **Margaret Mead demonstrated that adolescence is culturally constructed and varies across societies.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** Mead's study in Samoa revealed that adolescence is shaped by cultural factors, challenging the universality of Western psychological models of development. 1. **The Tahltan people enforce which marriage rule to maintain alliances and genetic diversity?**\ a) Endogamy\ b) Polyandry\ c) Polygyny\ d) Exogamy\ e) Monogamy\ **Correct Answer:** d) Exogamy\ **Explanation:** The Tahltan require members to marry outside their matrilineal clan to prevent in-group marriages and strengthen inter-clan relationships. 2. **Which of the following is a key feature of Tahltan marriage rules?**\ a) Marriage within the same matrilineal clan is encouraged.\ b) Oral traditions are maintained through alliances formed by exogamous marriages.\ c) Women have little to no role in mediating external relations.\ d) Marriage is based solely on economic benefits rather than social alliances.\ e) Genetic diversity is less important in marriage decisions.\ **Correct Answer:** b) Oral traditions are maintained through alliances formed by exogamous marriages.\ **Explanation:** The Tahltan practice exogamy to preserve oral traditions and ecological knowledge through diverse alliances. 3. **The Tahltan are a matrilineal society where members inherit clan identity through the mother's lineage.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** The Tahltan follow matrilineal inheritance, requiring members to marry outside their clan to preserve genetic diversity and strengthen alliances. 4. **Tahltan exogamy ensures no two people of the same clan lineage marry, fostering inter-clan cooperation.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** By requiring marriage outside the clan, the Tahltan foster inter-clan cooperation, ensuring broader social networks. 5. **The Tahltan are a patrilineal society where individuals inherit identity through their father's lineage.**\ **Correct Answer:** False\ **Explanation:** The Tahltan are a matrilineal society, emphasizing the mother's lineage in determining clan membership. 1. **The Maisin people are known for their production of which culturally significant item?**\ a) Pottery\ b) Yam gardens\ c) Tapa cloth\ d) Shell necklaces\ e) Totem poles\ **Correct Answer:** c) Tapa cloth\ **Explanation:** The Maisin produce tapa cloth, integrating traditional values with economic and cultural practices. 2. **Which of the following best describes leadership among the Maisin people?**\ a) Hierarchical and hereditary\ b) Egalitarian and situational\ c) Based on wealth accumulation\ d) Exclusively controlled by elder women\ e) Dependent on religious authority\ **Correct Answer:** b) Egalitarian and situational\ **Explanation:** Leadership among the Maisin is temporary and situational, emerging based on the needs of the community. 3. **Maisin tapa-making rituals include which of the following practices?**\ a) Women abstaining from sexual activity during specific stages of production\ b) Men and children participating in dye application\ c) Violations having no spiritual consequences\ d) Exclusive production for export markets\ e) Disregard for ecological sustainability\ **Correct Answer:** a) Women abstaining from sexual activity during specific stages of production\ **Explanation:** Maisin tapa-making rituals are tied to spiritual beliefs, including women's abstinence during dye application to ensure harmony. 4. **Which term do the Maisin use to describe the principle of reciprocal action in their social practices?**\ a) Mana\ b) Daa\ c) Reciprocity reflex\ d) Kula\ e) Hozho\ **Correct Answer:** c) Reciprocity reflex\ **Explanation:** The \"reciprocity reflex\" highlights the Maisin's emphasis on mutual obligations and the performance of socially correct behaviors. 5. **The Maisin practice patrilineal inheritance of land and leadership roles.**\ **Correct Answer:** False\ **Explanation:** The Maisin emphasize egalitarianism in leadership and collective decision-making, rather than strictly patrilineal inheritance. 6. **Maisin tapa cloth integrates traditional ecological knowledge with resistance to deforestation efforts.**\ **Correct Answer:** True\ **Explanation:** The Maisin use their traditional knowledge and tapa-making practices to oppose deforestation, blending cultural identity with environmental activism. 7. **Which of the following social control mechanisms is most prominent in Maisin society?**\ a) Formal legal systems\ b) Gossip and etiquette\ c) Physical punishment\ d) Religious rituals only\ e) Written contracts\ **Correct Answer:** b) Gossip and etiquette\ **Explanation:** Gossip and social norms play a critical role in enforcing behavior and maintaining harmony in Maisin society. **Marcel Mauss's study of gift exchange concluded that gifts create:** a) Obligations to give, receive, and reciprocate\ b) Unconditional acts of altruism\ c) A purely economic transaction\ d) Wealth inequalities within societies\ e) Immediate material benefits for the giver\ **Correct Answer:** a) Obligations to give, receive, and reciprocate\ **Explanation:** Mauss argued that gift-giving establishes and maintains social relationships through reciprocal obligations. **Which of the following best reflects Lewis Henry Morgan's stages of societal evolution?**\ a) Animism, polytheism, monotheism\ b) Exogamy, endogamy, polygamy\ c) Savagery, barbarism, civilization\ d) Hierarchical, egalitarian, ranked\ e) Subsistence, trade, industrialization\ **Correct Answer:** c) Savagery, barbarism, civilization\ **Explanation:** Morgan categorized societies into stages based on their technological and social complexity, though this framework has since been critiqued. **What did Evans-Pritchard conclude about the role of witchcraft in Azande society?**\ a) It served no practical purpose in daily life.\ b) It provided a rational system to explain misfortune.\ c) It was solely a spiritual practice with no social implications.\ d) It reinforced individualism in the community.\ e) It was identical to Western notions of magic.\ **Correct Answer:** b) It provided a rational system to explain misfortune.\ **Explanation:** Evans-Pritchard showed that witchcraft helped the Azande rationalize misfortune and maintain social cohesion. **Clifford Geertz's concept of "thick description" is primarily used to:** a) Quantify cultural traits across societies\ b) Analyze the psychological needs of individuals\ c) Interpret the symbolic meanings of cultural practices\ d) Study economic exchanges within societies\ e) Explore linguistic differences in communities\ **Correct Answer:** c) Interpret the symbolic meanings of cultural practices\ **Explanation:** Geertz's interpretive anthropology uses "thick description" to uncover the layered meanings behind cultural rituals and symbols.