Week 4 Art Tools, Materials, and Analysis PDF

WE WILL START IN 10 MINUTES READING VISUAL ARTS Reading Visual Arts  Tools, Equipment and Materials — Art/Design Reading Visual Arts Tools, Equipment and Materials— Art/Design A variety of special tools, equipment and materials are...

WE WILL START IN 10 MINUTES READING VISUAL ARTS Reading Visual Arts  Tools, Equipment and Materials — Art/Design Reading Visual Arts Tools, Equipment and Materials— Art/Design A variety of special tools, equipment and materials are used in Art/Design and Communication that are often expensive and require special care. School supplies may be shared among many students; every student is responsible for making sure supplies are handled carefully, stored properly and not wasted. Reading Visual Arts Tools, Equipment and Materials— Art/Design Craftspeople and artists create objects and designs by using a variety of tools, equipment and materials in creative ways. Materials come in a huge range of colours, textures, strengths, flexibility levels, costs and availability levels. Some materials require the use of specific tools and equipment in order to work with them. Reading Visual Arts  Dry Materials for Making Marks Dry materials, e.g., pencils and charcoal, can be used separately or in various combinations. Mixing media often produces richer surfaces and more complex drawings. Try using several dry media together or using wet and dry together. Reading Visual Arts  Dry Materials for Making Marks Coloured pencils may be used to draw fine, coloured lines or to shade areas in colour. A variety of coloured pencils are available and the craftsperson or artist can be creative in mixing and matching different colours, blending two or more colours or using coloured pencils with other drawing or painting materials. Reading Visual Arts  Dry Materials for Making Marks Charcoal is the oldest drawing tool. It is a dry and dusty medium made from burnt wood. Have you even drawn with a stick that had been blackened from a fire? This is charcoal. Charcoal for craft and art purposes is found in many forms; e.g., pencil, compressed sticks or natural sticks. A variety of values and hardness produce different effects. Reading Visual Arts  Dry Materials for Making Marks Conté Conté is a highly compressed form of chalk. Conté crayons, pencils or sticks come in various densities, from hard to soft. Colours are always earth tones; i.e., white, black, browns, greys, rust. Reading Visual Arts  Dry Materials for Making Marks Oil pastels are a form of chalk that has been compressed with oil. All chalks and oil pastels come in a wide range of colours. A variety of soft, blended effects can be obtained by layering several colours and using brushes, cloth or paper to blend. Reading Visual Arts  Wet Materials for Making Marks Wet materials, e.g., ink and paint, can be used separately or in various combinations. Mixing media often produces richer surfaces and more complex drawings. Try using several wet media together or using wet and dry together. Reading Visual Arts  Wet Materials for Making Marks Felt Pens and Markers Felt pens or markers are excellent for layout and design and can be used in some poster work. They come in a wide range of colours and line thicknesses. They have the disadvantage of being transparent and are difficult to use when large, flat areas of colour are needed. Reading Visual Arts  Wet Materials for Making Marks India ink is a simple black ink commonly used for drawing, especially comics and comic strips. Other inks are found in a variety of colours. All inks can be used full strength or diluted for wash drawings. A variety of tools are used to apply ink; e.g., nib pens, fountain pens, brushes, feathers, rollers and sticks and twigs. Reading Visual Arts  Wet Materials for Making Marks Many different types of paint each have specific properties. Artists may choose a particular type of paint based on the colours and effects it produces, its drying time, the painting surface they want to use and other factors Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts  Tools Used to Apply Wet and Dry Materials Tools ballpoint pens Many different tools are used to felt-tipped pens make marks with various fountain pens materials and media. Using a lettering pens technical pens variety of common tools as well nib pens as interesting and unique found brushes feathers objects can enhance creativity sticks and twigs and lead to new effects. cardboard pieces other found objects Reading Visual Arts  Brushes Good paintbrushes can be the artist’s and craftsperson’s most important tools. Some paintbrushes are made by hand and are very expensive. Knowing how to use and care for paintbrushes will result in better painting and more effective use of tools and supplies. Brushes come in a wide variety of materials, shapes and sizes. They are made of a fibrous tip, connector called a ferrule and wooden or plastic handle Reading Visual Arts  Brushes Rollers Large paint and small printing rollers (brayers) are used for commercial purposes and to make marks for artistic purposes. Reading Visual Arts  Stomps and Tortillons Stomps and tortillons are sticks used for blending charcoal, Conté crayons, oil pastels and chalk. They are usually made of paper that has been wrapped or twisted into the shape of a pencil or a stick. Q-tips, wadded pieces of tissue or paper can also be used. Reading Visual Arts  Brushes An airbrush is an artist’s tool used for spraying paint by means of compressed air. Proper ventilation in the working area and appropriate breathing masks must be worn when using an airbrush. Reading Visual Arts  Palette Knife Palette Knife A palette knife is used both to mix oil and acrylic paints and to apply paints to a painting surface Reading Visual Arts  Found Objects A wide variety of found objects can be used to apply materials to make marks. Look for unique or unusual man-made and natural objects. Reading Visual Arts  Surfaces on Which to Make Marks Almost any type of wet or dry material can be used as a painting or drawing surface, depending on the material and the agent used to thin the paint or cleanse a painted surface. Most surfaces need a special coating of paint or primer to prevent oil paint from seeping into the surface material. Reading Visual Arts Surfaces on Which to Make Marks Reading Visual Arts  Paper Paper Paper is an important material for craftspeople and artists. Different types of paper; e.g., weight, surface, colour, create different artistic effects. Understanding how paper is made and its different properties allows artists to choose appropriate paper types and to create new designs using a variety of media. Reading Visual Arts  Paper Originally, all paper was made by hand by mixing rags or cotton fibres with water into a pulp. During the Industrial Revolution, machines were invented to mix the pulp and make paper in longer lengths. Fibres from bamboo, sugar cane, hemp and flax replaced cotton rags. Today, most paper is made from wood pulp as it is the cheapest and most available resource for papermaking. This pulp is washed, screened and bleached to remove impurities and make the product whiter. Reading Visual Arts  Paper Rag paper is still considered the best surface for painting with water colours. It lasts longer and stays whiter than cheaper grades of paper made from wood pulp. Reading Visual Arts  Paper In modern papermaking, various ingredients may be added. Alum is used to settle out impurities but may add too much acid for good art paper. Fillers are used to create different surfaces on paper. Dye is used to create different coloured papers. Sizing uses such substances such starch or gelatine to add body to paper and make it water repellent. Sizing may be added in the pulp or to the paper’s surface). Reading Visual Arts Board is very heavy, stiff paper. Board weight is described by the number of plies (thin layers) that make up the board. Reading Visual Arts  Other Painting and Drawing Equipment Drafting Table Drafting tables Easel Artist’s easels are standing or art tables have a top that can frames that are used to support be lifted up or tilted to various artwork. A combination of both angles. This allows the artist’s eye desk and floor easels are helpful in level to be more directly in line the classroom. with the working surface. Reading Visual Arts  Other Painting and Drawing Equipment A palette is used as a holding and mixing surface for paints. The artist may use a hand-held palette or a simple plastic or porcelain plate on which to blend paints. Reading Visual Arts Tools, Equipment and Materials for Sculpture and 3- D Products Many artists and craftspeople work in 3-D media, creating sculptures, carvings and mixed-media compositions of all kinds. Reading Visual Arts  Sculpture and 3-D Materials Any material or combination of materials can be used to create 3-D products; e.g., clay stone wood wire paper cement plaster metal alloy papier-mâché Reading Visual Arts  Sculpture and 3-D Materials Materials can be shaped or attached in various ways. Materials can be: sewn glued modelled bolted welded chiselled riveted hammered stamped fastened moulded. Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts Reading Visual Arts  FORMAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF VISUAL ARTS Reading Visual Arts  Formal Analysis What is a formal analysis? A formal analysis is more than just a description of a work of art. It is an argument based on your own visual evidence that takes a stance and creates an interesting discussion from the formal elements of the work. Reading Visual Arts  Formal Analysis How is a formal analysis different from other writing? A formal analysis presents the difficult challenge of translating the visual (what you observe in the art) into the verbal (what you actually write). Not only do you have to describe the work, but you also have to use your description to support your argument. You are therefore simultaneously analyzing and describing the work. All of your evidence and analysis will come from the formal elements of the work. Reading Visual Arts  Formal Analysis Steps in Prewriting Formal Analysis 1. Carefully choose the work you will analyze — choose one that speaks both emotionally and intellectually. 2. Take a pad and pencil to record your thoughts while observing the piece. It is good to set aside at least 20 minutes for pure observation. 3. Focus above all on the formal elements of the work, including line, medium, color, light, space, composition, and style. What feeling do they give to the viewer and what are their relationships to the rest of the work as a whole? 4. Consider the context of the work: artist, time, historical background, location. These facts cannot be used in your visual analysis, but they can give shape to your conclusion. 5. Review all of your notes to develop an argument. Try to make connections between the formal issues and the broader concepts of context and personal response to develop this argument. Reading Visual Arts Writing Formal Analysis The conventions for a formal analysis for a work of art is similar to other writing in the humanities. Youshould have a thesis statement and structured paragraphs, and you should adhere to general rules of grammar and style. Remember that you are not simply describing the work; rather, you are using your descriptions of the work to reinforce your thesis. Avoid using the first person since your arguments should develop from the formal elements, not your personal response. Avoid: I was disturbed by the painting. Better: The sharp, heavy lines outlining the figures and the dark blues which dominate the sky inhttps://www.agnesscott.edu/center-for-writing-and-spe the background give the painting an ominous and disturbing feeling. Reading Visual Arts  Formal Analysis Formal analysis is an important technique for organizing visual information. In other words, it is a strategy used to translate what you see into written words. This strategy can be applied to any work of art, from any period in history, whether a photograph, sculpture, painting or cultural artifact. Reading Visual Arts  Formal Analysis A formal analysis – the result of looking closely – is an analysis of the form that the artist produces; that is, an analysis of the work of art, which is made up of such things as line, shape, color, texture, mass, composition. These things give the stone or canvas its form, its expression, its content, its meaning. – Sylvan Barnet, A Short Guide to Writing About Art https://www.studentartguide.com/articles/how-to- analyze-an-artwork Reading Visual Arts  Contextual Analysis What does contextual mean in art? Specific to artwork, context consists of all of the things about the artwork that might have influenced the artwork or the maker (artist) but which are not actually part of the artwork. Contextual information can deepen and/or improve our understanding of an artwork. Reading Visual Arts  Contextual Analysis In art, contextual analysis essentially places a work of art in context and analyzes what it represented in its time period and based on the artist's personal experiences. https://www.studentartguide.com/articles/how-to- analyze-an-artwork Reading Visual Arts  Contextual Analysis Contextual Analysis Definition A contextual analysis is used to evaluate an item in historical and cultural contexts. It studies the issues from political, economic, and philosophical angles. Let’s choose a famous painting by Vincent van Gogh “Cafe Terrace at Night.” You should start by mentioning that the artist lived in Arles in the second half of the XIX century and that he represented the post-Impressionism art movement. This elementary background information explains the many features of the painting. https://www.studentartguide.com/articles/how-to- analyze-an-artwork Reading Visual Arts  Contextual Here are step-by-step Analysis instructions on conducting a contextual analysis of art objects. 1. Choose an art object you want to analyze. If it is not stated in the assignment, choose the one that will inspire you through the whole process of writing. 2. Explore the critical information about the author. It can be a person or a group of artists. 3. Analyze the historical and cultural background. Consider the key events that took part at that time. Study their causes and effects. 4. Move on to the purpose of the art object and its significance. Think about the original meaning the artist wanted to convey. https://helpfulpapers.com/blog/contextual-analysis-its-definition- goals-and-methods/ Reading Visual Arts  Contextual Analysis 5. Describe the style features of a work of art you have chosen. Pay attention to forms, colors, and composition. Highlight what makes this style stand out. 6. Look for the visual metaphors and symbols the object has. Think of the original meaning the creator tried to convey. 7. Explore the audience and share your observations. Define people’s reactions and opinions and how they changed. https://helpfulpapers.com/blog/contextual-analysis-its-definition- goals-and-methods/ Reading Visual Arts