Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change - Week 1 Introduction PDF

Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 1 ~ September 4th, 2024 (11- 12:20 PT) Course Introduction Developed by Raluca Radu, RN, MSN Monica Rana, MPH, Ph.D. Land Acknowledgement Our team is gathered on the traditional, ancestral and unceded territory of the Coast Salish peoples–Sḵwx̱ wú7mesh (Squamish), Stó:lō (Stoh-Lo), Səl̓ ílwətaʔ/Selilwitulh (Tsleil-Waututh) and xʷməθkʷəy̓ əm (Musqueam) Nations. Agenda Welcome & Introductions Syllabus, Course Information, & Expectations Canvas Overview Loading… Questions? Welcome! Get to know your Course Team Monica Rana, Course Leader Office hours: By appointment (In-person or over Zoom) Email: [email protected] Jenny Lee, Teaching Assistant Email: [email protected] e r a what are Overview Mode of delivery: Blended, with in-person lectures & asynchronous activities Syllabus review Loading… Canvas course shell (ensure active email address) UBC Netiquette Note: All presented material (including lectures, PowerPoint slides, and weekly required readings) is eligible for evaluation. Do the required readings, testable Required Need Resources Need Get Inspired! Sharp, S. (2016). Three seconds: First prize short film winner #Film4Climate. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sacc_x-XB1Y Questions? General course-related questions: Post them on Canvas under the Discussion tab Course Questions & Student Bulletin Board Personal concerns: Email us directly at the addresses provided earlier/available in syllabus Resources to share with others: Post them under the Discussion tab Share Cool Resources Here! REQUESTS: If you have a letter of accommodation from the Centre for Accessibility, please email it as soon as you can to [email protected] See you on Monday, September 9th! Climate Change & Health: Cascades Introduction to Planetary Health Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 2 ~ September 9, 2024. Raluca Radu (RN, MSN) Monica Rana (MPH, Ph.D.) This slide deck is the intellectual property of the presenter. Redistribution of this material by any means without permission of the copyright holder(s) constitutes a breach of copyright © Learning Objectives 1. Describe the basics of climate science.. 2 Understand how fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change. 3 Articulate how climate cascades contribute to the current. environmental crisis. 4. Recognize planetary health as an instrumental concept for this course. 5. Identify how planetary health is interconnected with human health. Loading… Introduction have after industrial revolution steep temp of earth seen inc in , we a Basics of Climate Science: Weather vs. Climate WEATHER State of the atmosphere over a short time frame (hour-to-hour, day- to-day, season-to-season) CLIMATE Long-term average weather patterns for specific or even global regions, that occur over seasons, years, or decades (i.e. 30 years or more) How atmosphere behaves over relatively long periods of time Basics of Climate Science: Climate Change vs. Global Warming CLIMATE CHANGE horse green gases Any significant change in the measure of climate lasting for an extended period – changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind Loading… patterns that occur over several decades or longer Involves changes in average conditions + changes in variability (i.e. extreme events) of climate change GLOBAL WARMING s one aspect Recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth’s surface due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere -missing a part (look& pp slides Climate System Sun energy is not distributed formity on shighest at the equator Earth’s atmosphere 3 Their interaction with each other and with Land surfaces certain aspects of Earth’s biosphere helps determine Oceans both day-to-day weather and long-term averages Snow + Ice (i.e. climate) absorbet and released back into the space some of it is Driven by son light , Incoming and outcoming energy What causes climate change? Image source: UN, 2022 Main cause of climate change is human activity, 2 categories: NATURAL CAUSES Changes in volcanic activity, solar output, earths orbit, HUMAN CAUSES Burning oﬀ fossil fuels, and conversion of land Top 3 causes of change, land deforestation, co2 increasing in the atmosphere, nitritos oxide How do we know climate change is happening? Global temperature rise Warming and acidification of ocean Oceans are absorbing more and more Decrease of ice sheet mass carbon and then because of this then marine life will be aﬀected by this and then that can Retreating glaciers aﬀect costal communities Early snow melt Sea level rise Reduced Arctic ice Accelerated extreme events - Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre- industrial levels, with a likely range of 0.8°C to 1.2°C. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate. (IPCC, 2022) - Each successive decade since the 1990s has been warmer than all previous decades. (WMO, 2023) Global temperatures have risen… This agreement is to allow countries to come together to make sure that Future warming pathways and the temperatures that will follow: Loading… What are we leaving for our future generations, as time goes on the tempeturate keeps on increaseing Fossil Fuels. 3 o Coal The world’s o Natural Gas primary energy source o Oil un Releasetrapped lot a of carbon in the atmosphere that Years to come in the earth for Will be Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel and biomass burning. ↑ burning Currently there are 417 parts per million frees carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Other greenhouse gases include: o Methane o Nitrous oxide o Chlorofluorocarbons o Water vapor Annual Global emission of Carbon Dioxide Worldwide from 1940 to 2023 (measured in billion metric tons) Steep itc from global emmissions of CO2 Source: Statista, 2022 https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions Per capita emissions in Canada In 2022 the measure sat at 14.20 tonnes Image source: Our World in Data, 2022 Carbon Dioxide emissions by Fuel Type in Canada Image source: Our World in Data, 2020 ---Zatformm esions Climate Change Impacts across Canada Image source: Council of Canadian Academies, 2021 The Greenhouse Effect Visualize it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYqdKiT0Eqo Image source: Le Treut et al. (2007) Tipping Points & Cascades “Climate tipping points (CTPs) occur when change in large parts of the climate system – known as tipping elements – become self-perpetuating beyond a warming threshold” (McKay et al., 2022, p.1) Forests permafrost and other natural Carbon stores releasing CO2 in the atmosphere Loss of ice steets ewarming Altered Ocean >sea - level rise 2 d circulation [ system Cascades fchains of extreme eis) Pearce (2019) Tipping points defined: “a critical threshold at which a tiny perturbation can qualitatively alter the state or development of a system” (Lenton et al., Image source: Lenton et al. (2019) 2008, p.1786) Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Volume: 377, Issue: 6611, DOI: (10.1126/science.abn7950) Environmental Footprints : 00 39 Also referred to as “Ecological Footprints” Examples? on invornment caused e The effect either an individual or by - Anthropocene: A new Epoch ↑ human interference with natural system Image source: US Geological Survey :00 u3 concept my Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/infographics/planetary-health On the upside… Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/infographics/planetary-health But it comes at a cost… Loading… Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/infographics/planetary-health attributed to climate change has 150 , 000 deaths for year Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/infographics/planetary-health & is water stress in so many seen countries Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/infographics/planetary-health a Real aut Image source: https://www.thelancet.com/i nfographics/planetary- health We are called upon to transition from an Ego model to an Eco one, where our role is seen as embedded within the natural world rather than separate from it. member thissee ortop of Fonte not What is needed to achieve and maintain Planetary Health? Read According to Horton & Lo (2015), there is an intergenerational responsibility among all of us … Connection to Human Health “…we are transforming and disrupting most of our planet’s natural systems” “…the scale of human activity now outstrips our planet’s capacity to absorb our wastes or provide the resources we are using” Image source: Myers, S.S. (2017). Planetary health: protecting human health on a rapidly changing planet. Lancet 390(10114), p. 2860-2878). Every single aspect of human health and image summary wellbeing is impacted. This good is Preliminary introduction to ‘Direct’ vs ‘Indirect’ Health Impacts of Climate Change Image source: McMichael (2013) What is the impact on our health directly and indirectly Next Class: The Social Determinants of Health & Social Justice Top 3 Health Concerns related to Climate Change: Respiratory, Cardiovascular & Mental Health Conditions Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 3 ~ September 16, 2024 Raluca Radu RN, MSN Monica Rana, MPH, Ph.D. This slide deck is the intellectual property of the presenter. Redistribution of this material by any means without permission of the copyright holder(s) constitutes a breach of copyright © LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify which factors contribute to health risks associated with climate change events. 2. Recognize the relationship between the social determinants of health and how various populations are impacted by climate change. 3. Be able to differentiate between direct and indirect health effects of climate change. 4. Understand what non-communicable diseases are and how they will influence population health as a result of climate change. 5. Be able to differentiate between short term health and long term health effects. 6. Articulate key aspects of cardiovascular, respiratory, and mental health conditions and how these are affected by climate change. WHAT DOES HEALTH MEAN TO YOU? Loading… WHAT IS HEALTH? In 1947 The World Health Organization defined health as: “…a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Enjoying the highest level of health represents a fundamental right of every human being “without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.” Having health is fundamental to attaining peace and security (WHO, 2022) Health Risks associated with Climate Change 3 factors: 1. Hazards Loading… 2. Who/What (region) is exposed to hazards 3. Level of vulnerability of exposed individuals and/or communities Things that we consider rare are gonna happen more often,this will then put u We see an increase in allergies so then It is import ant who is exposed, this can impact them more and " make them more venerable Social Determinants of Health, Climate Change & Human Health Image source: WHO (2020) This is where intersectionality comes into play, not everyone is impacted the same way, for example when farmers loose their land it leads to higher suicide rates in farms since they were so connected to their land Direct vs. Indirect Effects Direct Caused by rising global temperatures that lead to more extreme and frequent weather events. Immediately affect health (i.e. hurricane - injuries; extreme temperatures & impaired thermoregulation). Indirect Caused by disruption to essential resources/services that can lead to further exacerbation of health issues (i.e. droughts - > inadequate access to food & malnutrition). do ex due fo flooding Image source: Frumkin & Haines (2019), Adapted from McMichael article (2013) Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Contribute to 70% of deaths worldwide (82% of which take place in low/middle income countries) Several contributing risk factors Modifiable versus Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Loading… Modifiable, smoking, excess drinking, use of vehicles Non modifiableÑ age, gender, ethnicity, family history climate changing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) CARDIOVASCULAR CANCER MENTAL DISEASE HEALTH CONDITIONS CHRONIC DIABETES RESPIRATORY NEUROLOGICAL ENDOCRINE DISEASE GASTROINTESTINAL RENAL ALLERGIC AUTOIMMUNE Cardiovascular Conditions With climate change we are seeing more cases of heart attacks, strokes and much more. The endothelium is impacted by climate changes change Image source: Viridian-Nutrition (2021) Image source: Zavaro (2021) & Heart and Stroke Foundation (2021) Heart artythmias, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, Respiratory Conditions Image source: Supnik (2021) Asthma’s is considered the 3rd most common disease in caada Image source: Asthma Canada (2021) Bronchiole tubes constrict due to Polluted air gives excessive triggers which increase your risk for an asthma attack Image source: Lien (2017) Its important to understand what are the triggers to a asthma that are related to climate change Dust mights, pollen, people who have pets Smoke, certain air pollutants, intense emotions non direct Short Term Health Effects Usually immediate after you are exposed to environment al hazard for a specified amount of time, for example if you are exposed to a wildfire Short term more acute and intense vs. Long Term Health Effects They can lead to symptoms that can become chronic in nature With increase impacts of climate change these symptoms will become chronic, If you are exposed for a longer time it increase the risk for the disease to stay chronic Respiratory’’’lung cancer, asthma, Cv’’ increase risk of store, heart attack, heart artythmia How has global environmental change played a role in all of this? Climate change Urbanization Any others? More prone to sedentary lifestyle as we have access to more cars Noise and crowding, noise has been related to more and more stress that sople feel also causing anxiety Using more and more pesticides, the demand for more food-grains Industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions kjk that cause the people in agriculture to use more pesticides Psychiatric Conditions The following slides and content are created by Natania Abebe, RN and UBC MSN/MPH Alumna. These slides are used with permission from the original author. REMEMBER TO DO YOUR “MENTAL FLOSS” “We can’t heal the world “Although the world is today but we can begin full of suffering, it is with a voice of compassion, a heart of also full of love, an act of overcoming it” – kindness.” – Mary Hellen Keller Davis What do we mean by "mental health"? The World Health Organization (2018) defines mental health as “a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.” A B D C The Two Continua Model Across the Lifespan POLL TIME! Dave is a farmer in Australia and his crops have been affected by a long period of drought. Dave has not been doing well financially and has been drinking more alcohol than normal, and has been having increasing thoughts of self-harm. Which quadrant would Dave be in? a) A b) B O c) C d) D A B Loading… D C The Two Continua Model Across the Lifespan DIRECT EFFECTS Those who have strong connections to their land Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Acute Anxiety Disorders High levels of anxiety seen in refugies when they are displaces due to climate chnage INDIRECT EFFECTS A community impacted by droughts, more dispalcement and forced migration Which increased temperatures come with Aggression, Violence & Suicide People are outside during the summer which increases opportunity for conflicts, increased emperadores cause cause temperature stress with icy increases the release of 2 hormones that decreases our attention, self regulation, and impacts our arousal center, when you are not able to self release you can become more violent Climate Justice & Migration Changes health impacts to services, countries that are least prepared for climate change Food and Mental Health The loss of land used to produce crops, lack of access to fresh water, Psychopathic behaviour and antisocial behaviour in children due to malnutrition Increased hospitalizations Increase in hot weather comes with increase use of emergency mental health services, if someone’s thermogregualtion is already impacted it can be impacted more by heat Depression, Eco-anxiety & Ecological grief The loss of your home, or loss of a space that you used to go to Source: Davenport, Leslie (2017). Emotional resiliency in the era of climate change: A clinician's guide. Seasonality of Mood Disorders Eating disorders, symptoms usually increase during summer months 1 minute meditation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1Ndym-IsQg NEXT CLASS: NO IN PERSON LECTURE Watch the Anthropocene Documentary and do the Asynchronous activity Heat Death and the Plagues of Warming Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 4- September 23rd, 2024 This slide deck is the intellectual property of the presenter. Redistribution of this material by any means Developed by Raluca Radu, MSN, RN without permission of the copyright holder(s) constitutes a breach of copyright © Monica Rana, MPH, Ph.D. Learning Objectives 1. Recognize the relationship between climate change and its impact on heat- related events. 2. Describe how heat waves impact individuals (physiological + socioeconomic impacts, as well as direct and indirect effects), taking into consideration the SDoH. Heat and Climate Change Loading… Visualizing Global Warming from 1880-2022 Heat Waves Periods of abnormally hot weather that generally last more than two days. Can occur +/- humidity. Expected to increase in frequency, duration and magnitude Exposure has both physiological and socio- economic effects Loading… Exacerbated in urban areas due to the “Urban Heat Island” effect Health impacts of a heat wave depend on 3 factors:. Intensity and duration of temperature. Acclimatization and adaptation of population. Infrastructure and Preparedness medsosemperature have are taking People who time regulating In 2018-2022, people experienced on average 86 days of health-threatening high temperatures annually. 60% of such temperatures were made more than twice as likely to occur by human-caused climate change (Zhao et al, 2021). * Source: Goldendale Sentinel, 2021 Social Determinants of Health: Why are some people at a greater risk than others? Image source: WHO (2024) ↳ thermoregulation is not as good as a healthy Adult on health Impacts services > - Power cuts Loading… heat extremes can worsen diseases chronic WHO, 2021 Dehydration: Physiological Effects low BP = inc stress in theheart Acute kidney injury can be a long-term effect of heat exposure! Low blood volume - Low blood pressure (BP) Low BP - High heart rate (HR) High HR = High cardiac demand & O2 requirements Low blood volume & Low kidney blood flow Body releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Kidneys build-up wastes, electrolytes, & solutes Blood concentration increases & high K and Ca+2 Low fluid intake - > Low glucose - Central nervous system effects mode contusiondrape , e items made CDC, 2017 CDC, 2017 Coastal Urgent Care Ruston, 2021 CDC, 2017 CDC, 2017 we a fanl A2 so to emperates up adopt Prevention can & Primary prevention: Acclimatize- become accustomed to new climate. Secondary prevention: Monitor self and seek cooler places. - constant Tertiary intervention: immediate response to cool people. monitors ↑the you are one sund do sto exclimn you it strevus us Avoid ADDITIONAL MEASURES: WHO, 2023 meds in store fridge semps t beyond 23234 WHO, 2023 WHO, 2023 * WHO, 2023 (WHO, 2020) Unbreathable Air, Wildfires, & Respiratory Health Outcomes Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 5- October 2nd, 2024 Raluca Radu MSN, RN Monica Rana, MPH, Ph,D, This slide deck is the intellectual property of the presenter. Redistribution of this material by any means without permission of the copyright holder(s) constitutes a breach of copyright © Build a basic understanding of components that make up the air we breathe. Examine ways through which climate change contributes to worsening air pollution. Compare and contrast between types of air pollution. List the common air pollutants and understand the differences as well as health implications of exposure to them. Describe how wildfire smoke impacts individuals. Use the Air Quality Index to explain when one is at risk of being exposed to unsafe levels of air pollutants. Examine various health effects related to air pollution. Be able to identify who is at the highest risk. Discuss what micro, meso, and macro-level approaches are *Learning objectives needed when addressing climate change and air pollution. According to who The air we breathe: 99% of the entire world population is Air pollution is not in one boundary, it aﬀects all countries, no matter if they are low or high income currently breathing air that is composed of air pollutANTS, By addressing air pollution, we can reduce so many diseases—stroke, heart disease, asthma Loading… Image source: Visual Capitalist, 2020 Air pollution is one of the Image source: WHO, 2020 Urbanization is one of the key drivers of air pollution, cars, gas stoves, biomass burning, wildfires, insecticides and pesticides Image source: BreatheLife2030 Loading… Image source: WHO, 2024 *Composed of various gases and particles that varies in concentration from one geographical area to another *Human-induced & natural occurring phenomenon *Contributes to overall air quality u especially during wildfiresa human enduced Natural *Projected to worsen as a result of climate change What is Air Pollution? Image source: ArcGIS StoryMaps AMBIENT HOUSEHOLD * Commonly referred to as outdoor * Sources: from cooking, heating, air pollution and lighting sources (especially due to inefficient technologies) * Increasing, especially in fast- Biomass burning in open fires developing Low & Middle-Income and simple stoves (i.e. PM 2.5 Countries particles highest from Dung*, * Primary driver in high-income & Charcoal*, Wood*, Coal, Crop middle-income countries: Fossil Residues) Fuel Combustion (i.e. coal, oil, gas) * Primary driver in low-income countries: Burning of Biomass blood It could go through ou barrier Image source: PBS, 2014 *Types of Air Pollution Image source: WHO, 2020 -using more insecticides/ Pesticides - switch upse d las in helped houses more from ansil gas to electric Image source: ArcGIS StoryMaps. Warmer semperatures 1 conditions. 2 Dryer *Climate change impacts air quality in two ways: level ozone ground Image source: EPA, 2023 Loading… *What are the most common Air Pollutants? Ground-level Ozone (O3) Particulate Matter Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Aeroallergens with more heat , the Polls last longer , quality ofthe so longer *Air Pollutants lasting allergies Government of Canada, 2018 ( cronces our blood bare * PM 10 * PM 2.5 * Any inhalable particles * Very fine inhalable with diameters 10 particles with micrometers or less diameters 2.5 micrometers or smaller * Most dangerous type *Particulate Matter (PM) (Environmental Protection Agency, 2023) can cross the our > bandries - in botan eh PARTICULATE MATTER Image source: EPA,2020 Image source: EurekAlert, 2020 Defined as “fires taking place in forest or brush grasslands that cover extensive areas and usually do extensive damage”(United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs, 1992) Pollutants contained in wildfire smoke: CO,CO2,NOx, O3,PM2.5,PM 10, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),metals (mercury) and intense Expected to double by 2050 year becoming every is more more Significant public health impacts: Injuries, respiratory impairment, displacement of people, isolation, long-term mental health effects. *Wildfires there are many unmet health so needs during this time because so many people are affected at once gov.bc.ca, 2023 Image source: BC Wildfire Service, June 2021 *Additional considerations? *Monitoring Air Quality: What do we use? In Canada, we use the Air Quality Health Index Scale: Image source: Government of Canada, 2021 We may also refer to a more extended version from the U.S EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): Tangerou -The USA Image source: Visual Capitalist, 2020 Image source: AQI Basics | AirNow.gov Used to report daily air quality Allows you to see in real-time how polluted or clean the air is *Air Quality According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the AQI scores are based on the Index (AQI) (EPA, 2024) main air pollutants we previously discussed A more detailed way of looking at the AQI and Health Risk Implications: Image source: Visual Capitalist, 2020 Image source: Visual Capitalist, 2020 Image source: Visual Capitalist, 2020 *Adrian Quiz is a young professional cyclist who lives in Mexico City and who has no pre-existing time! health conditions. He trains outdoors daily for at least 2 hours. He has an upcoming cycling competition and needs to complete his training for the day. The Air Quality Index (AQI) indicates 150 on the index value. Based on this information, which of the following options would you advise Adrian to take into consideration with respect to his training session?. At If possible, avoid training outdoors until the AQI improves. Train indoors at a gym instead to minimize risk of exposure. Train outdoors but do so with caution, stopping if any health effects are experienced S. El Adrian doesn’t have to worry because he’s a healthy person. El All of the above 7) A, B, & C Loading… AQI Activity! Check the Air Quality Health Index here if you’re in Canada: https://weather.gc.ca/airquality/pages/index_e.html Or for any location worldwide here: https://www.breezometer.com/air-quality-map https://aqicn.org/map/world/ Image source: WHO, 2023 *Who is at risk of exposure? Image source: WHO, 2023 SHORT-TERM SYMPTOMS o Vary with population demographics and any pre- Image source: Rebecca Chew/The New York Times; existing health conditions they may have Photographs by ilbusca and clu, via Getty Images o Eye and throat irritation o Wheezing or difficulty breathing o Lower respiratory infection LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS Chronic lung disease (i.e. cancer, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD]) Chronic heart disease (i.e. ischemic heart disease, stroke) Death *Health Effects * Regularly monitor the AQI/AQHI * Knowledge is power if AQI is poor, refrain from exercising outdoors * If possible, try to minimize your exposure to high- pollution areas * Consider using HEPA air filters indoors (especially during wildfires) * Monitor your own health – listen to your body and seek immediate medical attention if your respiratory function is impaired *What can you do? * Increasing walking & cycling activities (when air quality is appropriate), minimizing driving * Taking public transit whenever possible * Use of hybrid + electric cars when possible how planto * Advocating for planting of more trees in our cities Urbanization S in a better way * Supporting our local governments to: → Implement renewable energy → Enforce stricter emissions standards for vehicles → Make public transportation more accessible & effective *Solutions at the → Take urban planning design into account (Climate Atlas of Canada) Community Level Biodiversity, Freshwater, & Nutrition Image source: Eden District Council, 2020 Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change Week 6 ~ October 7th, 2024 Developed by Raluca Radu MSN, RN and Monica Rana, MPH, Ph.D. This slide deck is the intellectual property of the presenter. Redistribution of this material by any means without permission of the copyright holder(s) constitutes a breach of copyright © Learning Objectives 1. Examine the importance of biodiversity and ecosystems in planetary health. 2. Describe the key roles of biodiversity. 3. Differentiate between various types of ecosystems. 4. Recognize the importance of freshwater and the water cycle in a changing climate. 5. Demonstrate an understanding of how food production affects natural systems (and vice-versa) in a changing climate. 6. Identify health impacts that stem from altered nutrition in a changing climate. Image source: Eden District Council, 2020 Loading… What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity Ecosystems The variety of all living A community of organisms together with their physical organisms on the environment surface of the Earth Present within + Loading… 3 types: Marine (saltwater), Aquatic (freshwater), and between species, as Terrestrial well as between + The higher biodiversity present, the more resilient within ecosystems they are in the face of Higher # of species - disturbances healthier ecosystem - positive outcomes for all on planet more biodiverse = more resilient Liste UN Biodiversity, 2017 Forests are a lifeline in curbing climate change It’s important at to have these long standing forests to absorb co2 Image source: Global Forest Watch Called blue carbon, can absorb carbon very well Swamps and marshes and other water.. land 1800 Decrease the risk of erosion during.. Threatening.. land use change, urbanization, sever extreme drought periods The crucial role of Wetlands “The unsung heroes of our natural world” Facts Canada is home to ~25% of the world’s wetlands! Store water from snow and rainfall, releasing it when things get dry Without them our supply of freshwater would disappear Serve as a food source and shelter for other species Excellent recreation places (Canadian Wildlife Federation Blog, 2017) Act like a barrier for the ecosystems 35% of food production is due to pollinators Encouraged to plant native flowers to allow the pollinators to thrive Biodiversity has a role in o2 production, over exploitation.. fishing, hunting, all impacts Medicine biodiversity which can have significant impacts on the system as a whole ↓ Food Environmental - & wellbeing Biodiversity Ex.. hiv was a zoonotic disease Critical roles that biodiversity served goes away with land demolition Freshwater Humans and ecosystems depend on a clean and safe supply of water for survival Water is also critical for agricultural use and energy production Water Distribution 97% is saltwater (marine ecosystems - oceans & seas) 3% is freshwater (aquatic ecosystems - glaciers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, streams, wetlands, and groundwater) Image source: USGS, 2019 With higher temperatures, this aﬀects water how much precipiattion, evaporation and dalla of the steps in between, how it is impacted is importnant, warmemer temperature increases the water evaporation in the atmosphere,, flooding can also lead to in a crease-change in the water cycle Loading… Water Cycle: Demand vs. Supply Water is a finite source * ½ of our global population relies on seasonal glacial melt of high-elevation snow and ice By 2030 water demand will be higher than available supply by 40% By 2050 Half of the global population will have trouble accessing water Already started seeing water scarcity in so many countries Image source: SeaMetrics, 2018 a apphed a be can Image source: USGCRP, 2009 Freshwater amidst Anthropogenic Activities 3 Food production Sustaining agriculture Powering homes Drinking sources Decreased Pollution availability Overuse Climate change Majority of our fresh water is going towards the food production and sustaining our agriculture Natural Systems & Food Production Pesticides- Conversion of land for agriculture and Agrochemicals (fertilizes + animals husbandry = primary driver of nutrient eyelg - biodiversity loss, land degradation, and Alter water scarcity contaminant Groundwater contribute to smog - can cause direct toxicity -> Image source: The Canadian Press/Andrew Vaughan, 2000 Natural Systems & Food Production due to pollution , Pesticit,.. Altered soil e amos / Water scarcity - irrigating Biological changes is over harvesting issue Everything is intertwined a very big Image source: Simplified Teachers, 2020 C-f Environmental Impacts of Food Environmental Impacts of Food Image source: EAT-Lancet, 2019 The planetary health plate Source: https://eatforum.org/content/uploads/2019/07/EAT- Lancet_Commission_Summary_Report.pdf Understanding Food Labels Best Before Date Expiration Date May also be referred to as “use by Must appear on formulated liquid date” diets, foods for use in a very low- Offers information regarding energy diet, meal replacements, freshness and potential shelf-life of nutritional supplements, and infant unopened food you are buying formulas Mandatory to appear on pre- Once expiration date has passed, packaged foods that will keep fresh the food/any of above may not for 90 days or less have same nutrient content/value declared on label Any food that has an anticipated shelf-life greater than 90 days are If the expiration date has passed, not required to be labeled with this throw away the information food/supplement/etc. Source: Government of Canada, 2013 (How to read food labels and packaging) looka Pour point Image source: Cari Vander Yacht Nutrition & Health Impacts Economic growth S looka PP Undernutrition: Micronutrient Deficiencies Insufficient caloric intake Insufficiat intake look epp Overweight & Obesity lock e IP A Other healthImpacts e Dehydratin a burden of Disease Population Growth, Hunger & Chaos Image source: United Nations, 2019 Image source: Lifespan, 2016 Population Growth, Hunger & Chaos By 2050: World population ~ 10 billion By 2050: up to 5 billion people will have poor freshwater access Loading… Food production results in 1/3 of global GHG emissions Drought will lead to a global food deficit Water as a catalyst for conflict Resources will continue to deplete Consumption habits (micro-level) Questions!

Nursing 290: Health Impacts of Climate Change - Week 1 Introduction PDF

Document Details

Tags

Related

Summary

Full Transcript

Upgrade to continue