Week 1 - History of Technology Invention PDF

LIVING IN THE IT ERA In your own words, what is IT?  INFORMATION A knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction etc. INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY From Greek word “technologies” in othe...

LIVING IN THE IT ERA In your own words, what is IT?  INFORMATION A knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction etc. INTRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY From Greek word “technologies” in other form “techne” means art, skill, or craft “logia” means study INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY It is the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. METHODS OF TRANSFER OF INFORMATION IMAGE TEXT SOUND VIDEO EARLIEST FORM OF TECHNOLOGY The earliest technology developed by humans was stone tools. FOUR STAGES OF INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000BC– 1450AD 1. WRITING AND ALPHABET COMMUNICATION The only form of communication was through speaking and PETROGLYPHS (Figures or images are carved into rocks) IDEOGRAPH A graphical symbol that represents an idea or concept or a thing. CUNEIFORM One of the oldest form of writing made by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) PHOENICIAN ALPHABET First Alphabet and the ancestor of most modern alphabets. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels. Then, the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we used today. 2. PAPER AND PEN – input technology Sumerians input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay.  PAPYRUS PLANT About 2600 BC, the Egyptians write on the papyrus plant. MULBERRY BARK AND HEMP RAGS Around 100 A.D., the Chinese made paper from rags, on which modern- day paper making is based. 3. Books and Libraries – output technologies (permanent storage device) Egyptians kept scrolls Around 600BC, the Greeks bind all scrolls and created books 4. The First Numbering Systems Egyptian System: HINDU-ARABIC NUMERALS 5. The first calculator: The Abacus Cited as the first earliest known computer device MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 – 1840 1. The First Information Explosion Johanne Gutenberg – introduce letterpress printing with his movable metal-type printing process in 1450. The development of book indexes and the widespread use of page numbers. 2. Calculating Machine Wilhelm Schickard – invented the first mechanical calculator in 1623 that can work with six digits and can carries digits across columns. 3. PASCALINE Blaise Pascal – invented in 1642 that could solve mathematical problems like addition and subtraction. 4. Babbage’s Engine Charles Babbage – invented the Difference engine (1821) and Analytic engine (1832) ”Father of modern computer” ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE: 1840 – 1940 1. Morse Code Samuel Morse – conceived his own version of an Electromagnetic Telegraph (Dots and Dashes) 2. Telephone and Radio Alexander Graham Bell – developed the first working telephone 3. Comptograph Dorr Felt – invented first adding and subtracting calculator. (Which is comptometer) Comptograph – a printing adding machine. 4. Punch Card Piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. ELECTRONIC AGE: 1941 – PRESENT 1. Z3: 1941 Konrad Zuse – built the first programmable computer 2. MARK I: 1942 John von Neumann – build the first stored program computer. 3. ABC Computer: 1942 John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry – the first all-electronic computer and the foundation for advances in electronic digital computers. END ACTIVITY: 1. Distinguish between the following four stages of Information Development: a. Pre-mechanical age b. Mechanical age c. Electromechanical age d. Electronic age 2. What is the timeline of major technological inventions throughout history helped shape human civilization? 3. How did the process of technological innovation occur in different historical periods?