Week 1 ADM 2372 - Management Information Systems - Introduction to Information Systems PDF

ADM 2372 Management Information Systems Mayur Joshi, PhD Assistant Professor of Information Systems [email protected] © Copyright. Mayur Joshi. 2024. and © 2024 John Wiley &...

ADM 2372 Management Information Systems Mayur Joshi, PhD Assistant Professor of Information Systems [email protected] © Copyright. Mayur Joshi. 2024. and © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the authors All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or b y any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from the professor. Shar ing course materials without permission or uploading course materials to a content sharing website may be treated as an instance of academic fraud as well as copyright infringement. 1  Week 1 Session 2: Introduction to Information Systems (Chapter 1) 2 Learning Objectives 1. Identify the reasons why being an informed user of information systems is important in today’s world. 2. Describe the various types of computer-based information systems in an organization. 3. Discuss ways in which information technology can affect managers and nonmanagerial workers. 4. Identify positive and negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology. 3 Agenda 1. Definitions 2. Why Should I Study Information Systems? 3. Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 4. How Does IT Impact Organizations? 5. Importance of Information Systems to Society 4 1. Definitions Information Technology (IT) o any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support an organization’s information and information-processing needs. Information Systems (IS) o An IS collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. o When we say IS, we assume it is computer-based, but it is not mandatory (consider manual book-keeping) 5 1. Definitions o When we say IS, we assume it is computer-based, but it is not mandatory (consider manual book-keeping) [Source: OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chatgpt.com/c/66ddf23d-de80-800c-9589- 41caaae34182] 6 1. Definitions Alternative definitions of IS o an integration of components–tasks, people, structure (or roles), and technology––for collection, storage and processing of data, to provide information, contribute to knowledge, and facilitate decision-making. [source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system] 7 1. Definitions Management Information Systems (MIS) o is a business function just as marketing, finance, operations, and human resources o in organizations, this function is also referred to as IS or IT or Information services (department) o This functional area “deals with the planning for - and the development, management, and use of -IT tools to help people perform all the tasks related to information processing and management” 8 1. Definitions Business Technology Management (BTM) o Is just another name for IS, often used to refer to the academic discipline of IS Digital Transformation (DT) o is the business strategy that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee, customer, and business partner relationships; > to support continuous improvement in business operations and business processes; > to develop new business models and businesses 9 1. Definitions Data o facts or observations representing events such as business transactions Information o data shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to humans Knowledge o created by analyzing information; may lead to action 10 2. Why Should I Study Information Systems? The Informed User—You! IT Offers Career Opportunities Managing Information Resources 11 The Informed User—You! 1. You benefit more when you understand what is “behind” IT applications 2. You will be aware of potential security issues and be more prepared to avoid them 3. You can recommend and help select IT applications 4. You will be aware of new technology 5. You understand how IT improves performance 6. Understanding IT is beneficial to entrepreneurs 12 Example: IT’s About Business [1.1] Informed Users Are an Important Part of Security Questions: 1. How did a hacker gain access to Uber's systems? 2. Define and discuss social engineering. 3. What steps should organizations take to better secure their systems against social engineering attacks? 13 IT Offers Career Opportunities IT is vital to modern business, providing many lucrative career opportunities: o Programmers, business analysts, systems analysts, and designers o Chief information officer (CIO)—executive in charge of the IS function o Career opportunities will remain strong in the future 14 Top Job Rankings: Randstad’s list of top jobs in Canada Randstad’s list of top jobs in Canada (out of 15) #1 Software developer #12 Business systems analyst #14 Digital marketing coordinator 15 Top Job Rankings: LinkedIn LinkedIn’s list of fastest-growing job titles over the past five years in Canada (out of 20) #4 Technical program manager #8 Information technology associate #9 Site reliability engineer #13 Security engineer #14 Data engineer #15 E-commerce coordinator #16 Technical product manager #17 Cyber security specialist 16 Top Job Rankings: National Average Salary Indeed (www.ca.indeed.com) - 15 highest paying jobs in Canada in 2023 Job National Average Salary #9 Software engineer manager $143,044 #10 Director of information technology $117,890 #11 Software architect $119,021 #12 Enterprise architect $110,083 #15 Data scientist $84,630 17 Managing Information Resources Managing information resources is difficult and complex because: o IS have an enormous strategic value to organizations o IS are very expensive to acquire, operate, and maintain o Evolution of the MIS function within the organization MIS personnel vs. end users Changing role of the IS department o Traditional function of the MIS department o New (consultative) functions of the MIS department 18 Figure 1.1 MIS provides what users see on their computer screens. 19 Traditional Function of the MIS Department Managing systems development and systems project management Managing computer operations, including the computer center Staffing, training, and developing IS skills Providing technical services Infrastructure planning, development, and control 20 New (Consultative) Functions of the MIS Department Initiating and designing specific strategic IS Incorporating the Internet and e-commerce into the business Managing system integration including Internet, intranets, and extranets Educating non-MIS staff about IT Educating MIS staff about the business Partnering with business-unit executives Managing outsourcing Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative IT ideas Creating business alliances with business partners 21 3. Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems Types of Computer-Based Information Systems o Data, Information, Knowledge o IT Infrastructure IT Components IT Personnel IT Services 22 FIGURE 1.2 Data, information, and knowledge. 23 DIKW Hierarchy Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom Hierarchy [Source: Rowley, J. (2007). The wisdom hierarchy: representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of information science, 33(2), 163-180.] 24 FIGURE 1.3 Computer-based information systems. 25 FIGURE 1.4 IT inside your organization. 26 IT Components Hardware Software Database Network Procedures People 27 Major Capabilities of Information Systems TABLE 1.3 Major Capabilities of Information Systems Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations. Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations. Store huge amounts of information in an easy-to-access yet small space. Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide. Analyze and interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Automate both semiautomatic business processes and manual tasks. 28 Types of Computer-Based Information Systems Breadth of support of IS Support for organizational employees 29 Breadth of Support of Information Systems: FAIS Functional Area Information Systems (FAIS) o Accounting o Finance o Production & operations management o Marketing o HR 30 Breadth of Support of Information Systems: ERP and TPS Two information systems support the entire organization: o Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Systems Provide communication among functional area IS o Transaction processing systems (TPS) Support the “real time” monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s day-to- day operations 31 Breadth of Support of Information Systems IOS Interorganizational information systems (IOS) o Supports many interorganizational operations o Examples of IOS: Supply chain management (SCM) Electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems 32 FIGURE 1.5 IS that function among multiple organizations. 33 Example: IT’s About Business [1.2] Lululemon’s Success During and Despite Pandemic COVID-19 Pandemic Questions: 1. What other digital initiatives Lululemon could employ on its website to enhance its revenue from online sales? 2. How can Lululemon better employ social media platforms to increase brand awareness and/or customer satisfaction? 34 Support for Organizational Employees Clerical workers Knowledge workers Functional area information systems Business analytics (BA) or business intelligence (BI) Expert systems (ES) Dashboards (aka digital dashboards) 35  TABLE 1.4 Types of Organizational IS Type of System Function Example Transaction processing Processes transaction data from terminal Walmart checkout point-of-sale system business events Enterprise resource Integrates all functional areas of the Oracle, SAP system planning organization Functional area IS Supports the activities within a specific System for processing payroll functional area Decision support system Provides access to data and analysis tools “What-if” analysis of changes in budget Expert system Mimics human expert in a particular area and Credit card approval analysis makes decisions Dashboards Present structured, summarized information Status of sales by product about aspects of business important to executives Supply chain management Manages flows of products, services, and Walmart Retail Link system system information among organizations connecting suppliers to Walmart Electronic commerce Enables transactions among organizations and www.dell.com system between organizations and customers 36 4. How Does IT Impact Organizations? IT Impacts Entire Industries IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers IT Changes the Manager’s Job Will IT Eliminate Jobs? IT Impacts Employees at Work 37 How Does IT Impact Organizations? Examples Book Industry Financial Services Music Industry Industry Video Industry Motion Picture Software Industry Industry Video Game Industry Other industries that operate primarily in Photography Industry the physical world Marketing Industry Recruiting Industry 38 IT Reduces the Number of Middle Managers IT makes middle managers more productive Consequently, IT reduces the number of middle managers required 39 IT Changes the Manager’s Job Decision making is the most important managerial task IT changes the way managers make decisions o IT provides near-real-time information o Managers have less time to make decisions o IT provides tools for analysis to assist in decision making 40 Will IT Eliminate Jobs? The competitive advantage of replacing people with IT and machines is increasing rapidly Increasing the use of IT in business also: o Creates new job categories o Requires more employees with IT knowledge and skills 41 IT Impacts Employees at Work IT impacts employees’ health and safety o Job stress o Long-term use of the keyboard IT provides opportunities for people with disabilities o Speech-recognition for employees unable to type due to physical impairment o Audible screen tips for employees who are visually impaired 42 FIGURE 1.6 Ergonomic products protect computer users. 43 5. Importance of Information Systems to Society IT Affects Our Quality of Life The Robot Revolution is Here Now The Emergence of Cognitive Computing: IBM Watson IT Impacts Health Care 44 IT Affects Our Quality of Life IT has changed the way we work o The lines between time at work and leisure time at home have become blurred o Surveys indicate employees take laptops and smartphones on vacation 45 The Robot Revolution is Here Now Industrial robots versus cobots o Amazon Robotics Drones o Unmanned aerial vehicle Autonomous vehicles o E.g., self-driving cars 46 The Emergence of Cognitive Computing: IBM Watson IBM has labelled the type of processing demonstrated by Watson as cognitive computing. Watson has four primary capabilities: The ability to understand human language, with all of its nuance and ambiguity The ability to learn and absorb information The ability to formulate hypotheses The ability to understand the context of a question 47 IT Impacts Healthcare IT used in healthcare to: o Make better/faster diagnoses o Streamline the process of researching and developing new drugs o To enhance the work of radiologists o Allow surgeons to use virtual reality to plan complex surgeries and use robots to remotely perform surgery o Allow doctors to discuss complex medical cases via videoconferencing 48 Case 1: Opening Case Plus-Size Clothing Ads on Social Media Questions: 1. Identify and discuss three ways in which social media can help plus-size clothing brands achieve success. 2. Identify and discuss three ways in which social media can create challenges for plus-size clothing brands. 3. Identify and discuss ways in which social media can impact body size inclusivity positively or negatively. 49 Case 2: Hybrid Work Means Hybrid Meetings The background The problems A variety of solutions The conclusion Questions: 1. What complications arise when some participants are in person and others are remote? 2. What role might AI play in making meetings more productive? 3. How can you use your computer to be better prepared for online meetings? 50 Next Week (Sessions 3 and 4) Organizational Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Information Systems (Chapter 2) 51  ADM 4377 A Thank You! Mayur Joshi, PhD Assistant Professor of Information Systems [email protected] A white https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayurpjoshi/ https://twitter.com/mayur_p_joshi 52