Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Stability PDF

Week 8 – Dr.May Almukainzi P harmac eutic al Dos ag e F orms and S tability P HS 322 O c t. 2024- S emes ter 2 Pharmaceutical Liquids Reference: Chapter 13  Objectives After re...

Week 8 – Dr.May Almukainzi P harmac eutic al Dos ag e F orms and S tability P HS 322 O c t. 2024- S emes ter 2 Pharmaceutical Liquids Reference: Chapter 13  Objectives After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Define the various types of oral and topical liquid dosage forms. List the advantages and disadvantages of using liquid dosage forms in extemporaneous compounded prescriptions and in patient therapy. 2. 2. Compare and contrast liquid dosage forms to traditional oral dosage forms. 3. 3. Define solubility and describe how different factors increase or decrease solute solubility in a given solvent. 4. 4. Evaluate and select a proper solvent and delivery system for a given solute, purpose, and/or patient population  Outlines Solubility Some solvents for liquid preparations Preparation of solutions Oral solutions and preparations for oral solution Syrups Elixirs Tinctures Proper administration and use of liquid peroral dosage forms  Outlines Topical solutions and tinctures Vaginal and rectal solutions Topical tinctures Topical oral (dental) solutions Miscellaneous solutions Nonaqueous solutions Extraction methods for preparing solutions  Solutions “liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents” “solvent system” Solutes: medicinal agent, and additives to provide color, flavor, sweetness, or stability. Information solubility and stability in solvent system. For many medicinal agents, their solubilities in the usual solvents are stated in the United States Pharmacopeia– National Formulary (USP–NF).  Solutions o Aqueous solutions containing sugar (syrups) o Sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions (elixirs) o Alcoholic solutions of aromatic materials (spirits) o Aqueous solutions of aromatic materials (aromatic waters) o Solutions prepared by extracting active constituents from crude drugs (tinctures or fluidextracts) o (Tinctures) are solutions of chemical substances dissolved in alcohol or in a hydroalcoholic solvent. o Sterile solutions, pyrogen free (injections)  Solubility Maximum concentration to which a solution may be prepared with that solute and solvent Calcium hydroxide versus potassium iodide saturated solutions Heat of solution Weak acid and weak base solubility Like dissolves like  Factors affecting solubility Temperature (positive, or negative heat of solution). Chemical and other physical properties of the solute and the solvent(Like dissolves like) – Organic compounds – Inorganic salts pH of the solution(Weak acid and weak base solubility) Physical agitation applied to the solution as it dissolves. Pressure  TABLE 13.1 RELATIVE TERMS OF SOLUBILITY DESCRIPTIVE TERM PART OF SOLVENT REQUIRED FOR 1 PART OF SOLUTE Very soluble