Week 6 Ethnicity 2024 PDF

Ethnicity and the Ageing Experience Cultural Differences & Attitudes Falls  Proportion of the Population Belonging to a Visible Minority Review: Levelling Theory Buffer Theory Multiple Jeopardy Theory Life Course Perspective Levelling Theory  Age lev...

Ethnicity and the Ageing Experience Cultural Differences & Attitudes Falls  Proportion of the Population Belonging to a Visible Minority Review: Levelling Theory Buffer Theory Multiple Jeopardy Theory Life Course Perspective Levelling Theory  Age levels off ethnic differences  Changes such as loss of a spouse and poor health outweigh cultural differences 6 Buffer Theory  Ethnic identity (some groups value seniors and provide meaningful roles for them) buffers against loss of role in old age  Helps to protect them from losses and social devaluation in later life  However, consider the fact that ethnic elderly may have:  conflicts with children/grandchildren(may feel they have become too westernized)  less formal education  And that compared with their non-ethnic counterparts, ethnic elderly generally have  fewer social contacts- more social isolation  lower income  poorer quality housing  more loneliness  lower life satisfaction 7  Multiple Jeopardy Theory  Ageing makes life worse for members of ethnic groups  Old age can add to the disadvantages of ethnicity, class and gender  Compounding effect: A person with more than one disadvantage will experience greater disadvantage  Why?.......Because minorities may have  lower status  low income  stresses due to living in a foreign land/foreign culture 8 Multiple Jeopardy theory  Example: Aboriginal seniors experience the combined effects of being old, poor and Aboriginal  Aboriginal seniors report worse health  Aboriginal males had lower life expectancy  Aboriginal seniors experience problems with formal healthcare services (language barriers, lack of cultural sensitivity by healthcare workers, distance to urban centers to access care if living on a reserve) Example: “Some nurses they get careless and maybe they are overworked…and they’ll send in a 12 year old boy to translate for grandpa. Like the one who had prostate cancer…They told the boy to tell the grandpa that they were going to give him 2 shots right away and the boy didn’t know the words so he told his grandpa that they were going to shoot him twice right now. So the grandpa says that ‘I guess there is no hope then!’ Cree grandmother (Lanting et al., 2011, p. 112) Life Course Perspective  Broader view of minority group aging  Looks at the impact of:  Social institutions  Historical periods and events  Personal biography  Life cycle stage  Life events  Resources  Looks at differences between minority groups, cultural subgroups within a minority group, and age cohorts among minority group members  Life Course Perspective  Links early life experiences to actions and attitudes in later life  Example: 2 Chinese elders will experience aging differently based on their historical experience  One senior might have arrived in Canada recently after living through hard-ships of the Cultural Revolution in China  Another Chinese senior may have lived in a middle-class family in Toronto her whole life  Historical events will shape these seniors’ attitudes toward government, money, and food which can affect their health conditions as they come into old age  Life Course Perspective  Advantages and disadvantages tend to accumulate and reinforce one another over a life-time Discrimination Low pension Poverty in Ethnic (low pay) benefits in old age minority retirement Test 1 Review OT P T 1 0 5 2 0 24  Self Quiz on Falls 1. Next to hospitals, a lot of people are admitted to _______ as a result of falls. 2. Weakness, medications, dizziness, and a fall-proofed home are common causes of falls. (True/False) 3. Regular physical activity and exercise help prevent falls (True/False) 4. People can break their bones before they fall. (True/False) 5. Can medications cause falls? (Yes/No) _______________ 6. Give two examples of assistive devices that help prevent falls. 7. When adjusting a cane, the cane handle should be at the level of the client’s _______________. 8. _______________ are lightweight belts or pants with shields to guard the hips against fractures that may result from a fall. Definition  A fall is often defined as a sudden and unintentional change in position resulting in an individual landing at a lower level such as on an object, the floor, or the ground, with or without injury https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications- general-public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html#s1-1 Activity associated with fall-related injury, age 65+, Canada, 2009/10 https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications-general- public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html#s1-1 Type of fall-related injury, age 65+, Canada 2009/10 https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications- general-public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html#s1-1 Fall-related hospitalizations, by place of occurrence of fall, age 65+, Canada, pooled across all fiscal years https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications-general- public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html#s1-1 Falls More facts…  Risk of falls increases with age  More women than men  2/3 of those who fall today will fall again within 6 months  1/3 of all falls involve environmental hazards  Falls lead to institutionalization and even death Why more women than men  More likely to have less bone density-osteoporosis  Perhaps less muscle strength and mass and flexibility due to less active Categories of conditions that increase the risk of Falls  Biologic/Intrinsic - often related to the natural aging process - as well as the effects of chronic or acute health conditions  Behavioural - e.g. dementia  Environmental - many unsafe conditions in the home and outside e.g. lack of railings on stairs  Social/Economic – living alone/inappropriate housing Falls - Risk Factors May be at risk if… Increased risk if… 1. ↓ Vision 1. Osteoporosis 2. ↓ Hearing 2. Having other health problems  Weakness 3. Problems with  Arthritis  Walking 3. Confusion  Sore feet 4. Taking 4 or more meds  Feeling unsteady 5. Taking meds for 4. Using a cane or walker  HTN 5. Lack of physical activity  Depression 6. Fell previously  Dementia 7. Fear of falling  Sleep problems 8. Delirium  Diabetes  Heart conditions