Week 4-5: Health Statistics and Epidemiology PDF

H E A LT H STATISTICS A N D E P I D EM I O LO GY Josephine B. Tulabing, M A N R N TOPIC 1: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCEPTS DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES FEATURES OF CHN THEORETICAL MODELS/ APPROACHES DIFFERENT FIELDS OF...

H E A LT H STATISTICS A N D E P I D EM I O LO GY Josephine B. Tulabing, M A N R N TOPIC 1: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING CONCEPTS DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY AND PRINCIPLES FEATURES OF CHN THEORETICAL MODELS/ APPROACHES DIFFERENT FIELDS OF CHN TOPIC 2: CONCEPT OF THE COMMUNITY TYPES OF COMMUNITIES CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY COMMUNITY COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE TOPIC 3: HEALTH STATISTICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY TOOLS PHILIPPINE HEALTH SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE NURSE  Learning Outcomes: At the end of this term, the students will be able to: ❖Define the concepts of health and community. ❖Identify the underlying philosophy and principles that govern community health nursing. ❖Clearly articulate the distinctions between community health nursing and public health nursing. ❖Provide a thorough description of various theories and their practical application in the realm of community/ public health nursing. ❖Conduct a comparative analysis of different fields within the practice of community health nursing.  TO O L S 1.Demography 2.Health Indicator  DEMOGRAPHY Study of population size, composition & spatial distribution as affected by births, deaths & migration.  A. Sources of Demographic Data Primary Data – refers to the original data collected for a specific purpose by a researcher. Secondary Data – are data that are collected by other individuals and/or institution for some specific purposes. Examples De jure- enumeration of Primary individuals as of where Census they usually reside - Define as an official and regardless of where they periodic enumeration of are on census day the population De facto- enumeration - Demographic, economic, of individuals as of and social data are where they are found in collected from the the census, regardless of specified population where they normally group resides  Primary Sample survey- instead of a census, demographic information collected from a sample of a given population.  Examples Secondary Continuing Population Registers are those that collected by the civil registrar’s office deal with recording vital events in the community Vital events refer to births, deaths, marriages, divorce and the like. Secondary Other registration systems can also be used to describe specific characteristics of the population.  B. Population Size Refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time. C. Composition When the population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex, occupation, or educational level. D. Distribution It shows how people are distributed in a specific geographic location a. Urban- Rural Distribution Shows the proportion of people living in urban compared to the rural areas b. Crowding Index Indicates the ease by which a communicable disease can be transmitted from one host to another susceptible host c. Population Density Determines congestion of the places. VITAL STATISTICS Is the study of the characteristics of human populations. It comprises a number of important events in human life including birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce, annulment, judicial separation, adoption, legitimation, and recognition (United Nations, 1973) HEALTH INDICATORS A list of information that would determine the health of a particular community like population crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant and maternal death rates, neonatal death rates, and tuberculosis death rate.  Crude Birth Rate Measures how fast people are added to the population through birth. Where: CBR – Crude Birth Rate B – Total Number of live births P – Total population at the midpoint of the time period K – is a constant, usually taken as 1000  Crude Death Rate Represents the total or overall death rate in a given population. The number of death per 1000 person. Where: CDR – Crude Birth Rate D – Total Number of deaths P – Total population at the midpoint of the time period K – is a constant, usually taken as 1000  Infant Mortality Rate Is the number of deaths per 1,000 live birth of children under one year of age. Where: IMR – Infant Mortality Rate d