Biodiversity And The Environment PDF

GE15 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE BIODIVERSITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ALEX H. ROBERTO cOURSE LECTURER  Objetives 01 Define Biodiversity and its importance. Describe the hierarchy of 02 Biodiversity. Define taxonomy and explain 03 how to classify organism. WHA...

GE15 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE BIODIVERSITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT ALEX H. ROBERTO cOURSE LECTURER  Objetives 01 Define Biodiversity and its importance. Describe the hierarchy of 02 Biodiversity. Define taxonomy and explain 03 how to classify organism. WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?  WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? Biodiversity covers the total variety of life forms on earth. microbial or gigantic organisms unicellular or multicellular prey or predators WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? E nvironmental E ffects of Agriculture It is the variety of life on our planet at all its levels, from genetic levels to the biosphere, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it.  Total species estimate: Around 8.7 million species of plants and animals are thought to exist. Described species: Approximately 1.2 million species have been recognized and described, mostly insects. Unknown species: Millions of species are still unidentified and yet to be described by scientists. THE BIODIVERSITY HIERARCHY  The 3 Levels of Biodiversity Ecosystem Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Diversity 1. GENETIC DIVERSITY Sometimes called the “essential currency of diversity.” Indicates the range of the variety of inherited traits within a species.  All human beings are 99.9% identical in their genetic make up. GENETIC DIVERSITY All human beings are 99.9% identical in their genetic make up. GENETIC DIVERSITY All human beings are 99.9% identical in their genetic make up. 2. SPECIES DIVERSITY Number of different species that are represented in each community. The most concerning biodiversity level. SPECIES DIVERSITY A. Species Richness B. Species Evenness 3. ECOSYTEM DIVERSITY The variation s in ecosystems within a geograph ical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment.  Boost s the availability of oxygen t hrough phot osynthesis among plant organi sms l i ving i n a cert ai n habitat. Natural rest orat ion of wat er and air quality  IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSTIY Ecological Services Economic Benefits It provides essential services such as pollination, It contributes to economic activities such as 1 water purification, and climate regulation. 3 agriculture, tourism, and medicine. Aesthetic Value Scientific Knowledge It enriches our lives with its beauty, It provides opportunities for scientific research 2 diversity, and wonder. 4 and understanding of life on Earth.  BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation. C limate change  Criteria to consider to be a Biodiversity Hotspots They must have at least 1,500 They must have They are vascular plants 30% or less of threatened by as endemics their original human (found nowhere natural vegetation habitation and remaining. other factors. else on the planet).  THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Human activities pose significant threats to biodiversity, leading to habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Population Expansion Pollution Climate Change POPULATION EXPANSION Clearing forests for agricultural purposes, such as for crop cultivation or livestock grazing, can lead to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. The loss of forests leads to the destruction of habitats and the loss of biodiversity, disrupting the delicate balance of ecosystems.  POLLUTION Pollution disrupts ecosystems and leads to a decline in species diversity. Dead zones in water bodies harm marine life and disrupt food chains. Aquatic flora and fauna are sensitive to pollutants, affecting crucial plant species. Toxic algae blooms and waterborne diseases threaten biodiversity and human communities. CLIMATE CHANGE Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Species Extinction Increased Invasive Species and Diseases Ocean Acidification Disruption of Ecosystem Services Genetic Diversity Loss  GE15 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM TAXONOMY Is the branch of biology that classifies all living things.  TAXONOMY Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist from the 18th century, developed a classification system still used today. Linnaeus invented binomial nomenclature, a system that assigns each organism a genus and species name. He also created the taxonomic hierarchy, a classification system with eight ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.  Classifying organisms 01 I dentification 02 Classification 03 Nomenclatur e TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM “DEAR KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI” TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM “DEAR KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI”  The Role of Taxonomy in Understanding Biodiversity Taxonomy plays a crucial role in understanding biodiversity. By organizing and classifying organisms, we gain insights into their evolutionary relationships, ecological roles, and conservation needs. This knowledge is essential for protecting biodiversity, managing ecosystems, and developing sustainable practices for the future.  GE15 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE THANK YOU FOR ATTENTIVE LISTENING. LECT. ALEX H. ROBERTO