Week 3 Summary TI - PDF

3.1 intro to TES basics of electrical current charge: obtained by a net charge in concentration of the number of electrons within a system net loss of electrons = + charge collective gain = - charge ion: a molecule that has gained or lost an electron 4 fundamental properties of an electrical charge...

3.1 intro to TES basics of electrical current charge: obtained by a net charge in concentration of the number of electrons within a system net loss of electrons = + charge collective gain = - charge ion: a molecule that has gained or lost an electron 4 fundamental properties of an electrical charge 1. 2 types of charge: + & - 2. like charges repel, opposites attract 3. charge is neither created or destroyed 4. charge can be transferred from one object to another to another current: quantity or amount of ion or electrons flowing at a given time • international unit of current: amp • system of opposite charges electrons move from a negative charged pole ( higher concentration of electrons) to a positively charged system (pole w fewer electrons) cathode vs anode cathode: - charge pole anode: + charged pole electric field: force that results by separation of charges, mates whether its attraction or repulsion, creates a system of potential energy voltage accumulation of electrons at 1 point in circuit a. creates deficit at another point b. potential energy voltage is a resulting electro-motive force created by difference • in potential • 2 diff charges on a battery create a concentration gradient • potential energy created in an electrical current is described by a force of attraction or repulsion voltage represents the driving force that changes the relative concentration of electrons in a closed system flow of electrons from the negative pole( excess of electrons) >> • pos pole (deficiency of electrons) >>create a current (measured as voltage) conductor vs insulators conductor: material that allows free mvmnt of electrons insulator: material that disrupts free mvmnt of electrons ex: rubber skin is a conductor of a current and fat is an insulator, skin will • mediate the flow of current while fat will disrupt it aspects of electrical wave forms; negative and positive • look at her! used to determine the physiological impact of therapeutic electrical stimulation. 1. amplitude 2. rise time 3. decay time 4. frequency 5. duration sinusoidal waveform is an AC current types two prim types of electrical current (flow or time): 1. alternating current (AC): uninterrupted bidirectional flow of ions that changes direction at least 1 time per second 2. direct current (DC): continuous unidirectional flow of ions or electrons for at least 1 sec -modes of neuromuscular stimulators a. FES: fxnal electrical stimulation b. NMES: neuromuscular stimulation c. TENS: transcutaneous electrical neurological stimulation d. EMS: electro muscular stimulation -microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation- MENS • MENS differs from NMES bc it uses a much smaller current, so it will not activate sensory or motor nerves • numerous preprogrammed parameters that offer varying physiological benefits take-aways 1. a current is the quantity or amount of ion or electrons flowing at a given time—the international unit of current is amperage. 2. voltage is a resulting electro-motive force created by differences in potential. 3. a conductor is a material that allows the free movement of electrons, while an insulator disrupts the free movement of electrons. 4. the aspects of electrical waveforms are used to determine the physiological impact of therapeutic electrical stimulation. 5. direct current is the continuous unidirectional flow of ions or electrons for at least 1 second. 6. alternating current is the uninterrupted bidirectional flow of ions that changes polarity at least one time per second.