Week 2 Computer Hardware PDF

School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION TO IT 101 COMPUTING WEEK 2 Prepared by: ISABELLA G. LINTAG  School...

School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION TO IT 101 COMPUTING WEEK 2 Prepared by: ISABELLA G. LINTAG  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPUTER HARDWARE  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS CPU (Central Processing Unit) Primary Storage or Main Memory Secondary Storage Input and Output Peripherals  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT The part of a computer hardware that does the actual computation.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPONENTS OF CPU #1) CU (Control Unit) -This is the component of CPU which is responsible for controlling the process of computation. -provides timing, directs the flow of data  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPONENTS OF CPU #2) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) -This is the component of CPU which is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPONENTS OF CPU #3) Registers -This is the component of CPU which are high-speed storage areas that store temporary results and certain control operations.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPONENTS OF CPU  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT PRIMARY STORAGE This is the part of a computer system that is used for storing data and instruction. There are two types of primary storage: RAM, ROM, and Cache Memory  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT PRIMARY STORAGE The primary storage stores three types of information: data to be processed by the CPU instructions for the CPU Operating System  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT MEMORY CAPACITY is the amount of instructions and data that can be stored in a primary storage. It is measured in term of bytes. One byte is equal to 8 bits. So… 1 Kilobyte (normally written as 1 KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes. 1 Megabyte (normally written as 1MB and read as 1 Meg) is equal to 1,048,576 bytes. (1,024 KB) 1 Gigabyte (normally written as 1 GB and read as 1 Gig) is 1,073741,824 bytes. (1,024 MB) 1 Terabyte (normally written as 1 TB and read as 1 Tera) is 1,099,511,627,776 bytes (1,024 GB)  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT PRACTICE 1: BYTE CONVERSIONS Convert the following: 1. 73 GB to B 2. 120 KB to MB 3. 45 B to KB 4. 600 KB to GB  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT SECONDARY STORAGE The amount of instructions and data that can be stored by the primary storage is limited. To store a very large amount of data, most computer systems use secondary storage. Secondary storage is volatile and is cheaper than primary storage.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT THREE TYPES OF SECONDARY STORAGE #1) Magnetic Media - Magnetic tape is one of the oldest types of magnetic media. - Requires a tape reader to read information.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT THREE TYPES OF SECONDARY STORAGE #2) Optical Media - Data is recorded into it using pinpoint laser beam that burns tiny hole into the surface of a reflective plastic platter.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT THREE TYPES OF SECONDARY STORAGE #3) Flash Memory - compact and portable - now being used to replace magnetic diskette  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT INPUT AND OUTPUT PERIPHERALS Computers communicate with the outside world through input and output peripherals. Two types of input devices are: 1. Human data entry devices 2. Source data automation devices  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT Type Device Keyboard Mouse Touch pad Joystick Human Data Entry Devices Scanner Monitor Printer Plotter Touch Screen Point of sales terminals Barcode scanner Source Data Automation Devices Optical character recognition Sensors Camera  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPUTER HIERARCHY Nowadays, there exists a large number of computers of different sizes and capabilities. The computers can be classified into six categories: 1. Supercomputers 2. Mainframes 3. Minicomputers 4. Workstations 5. Microcomputers 6. Computing devices  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT SUPERCOMPUTERS These normally refer to the type of computer that has the fastest computing engine at a particular time. It can be also used for weather forecasting and seismic analysis.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT MAIN FRAME COMPUTERS These computers are widely being used by large enterprises or extensive computing applications that are accessed by thousands of users.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT MINI COMPUTERS These computers are relatively small and inexpensive computers that perform the same functions as mainframe computers, but with limited capabilities. This type of computer is used to accomplish specific tasks such as process control and for scientific and engineering applications.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT MICROCOMPUTERS This is the most popular single user computer and can be classified as: Desktop PC, Laptop, and Netbook computers.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City, Cavite COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT COMPUTING DEVICES This refer to smaller and mobile computers. Some of those are: smartphones and wearable computers.  School of NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Nation Builders COMPUTER STUDIES DEPARTMENT THANK YOU!