Week 14 Quiz on Female Reproductive Physiology PDF

1. **During the menses phase of the menstrual cycle, the levels of LH and FSH are:** - A) High - B) Low - C) Rising - D) Declining - **Correct Answer:** B) Low 2. **What triggers the increase in LH and FSH during the proliferative phase?** - A) Low estrogen levels - B) High progesterone leve...

1. **During the menses phase of the menstrual cycle, the levels of LH and FSH are:** - A) High - B) Low - C) Rising - D) Declining - **Correct Answer:** B) Low 2. **What triggers the increase in LH and FSH during the proliferative phase?** - A) Low estrogen levels - B) High progesterone levels - C) Follicular estrogen - D) Corpus luteum formation - **Correct Answer:** C) Follicular estrogen 3. **What event is triggered by the peak of LH?** - A) Menstruation - B) Follicular maturation - C) Ovulation - D) Corpus luteum degeneration - **Correct Answer:** C) Ovulation 4. **What happens to LH and FSH levels during the secretory phase with no fertilization?** - A) They increase - B) They remain the same - C) They decline - D) They fluctuate  - **Correct Answer:** C) They decline 5. **What hormone is primarily responsible for the negative feedback during the secretory phase?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) LH - D) FSH - **Correct Answer:** B) Progesterone #### Based on "Week 14 _Pregnancy_Hormone_Review_Chart.pdf" 6. **What hormone significantly suppresses the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during pregnancy?** - A) LH - B) FSH - C) Estrogen - D) Progesterone - **Correct Answer:** D) Progesterone 7. **When does the trophoblast begin secreting human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?** - A) Immediately after fertilization - B) 8 days after ovulation - C) 16 days after ovulation - D) At the end of the first trimester - **Correct Answer:** B) 8 days after ovulation 8. **What is the role of HCG in early pregnancy?** - A) Suppress new follicle maturation  - B) Trigger ovulation - C) Maintain the corpus luteum - D) Initiate menstruation - **Correct Answer:** C) Maintain the corpus luteum 9. **What is the main source of estrogen and progesterone production in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?** - A) Corpus luteum - B) Maternal hypothalamus - C) Fetal adrenal cortex - D) Placenta - **Correct Answer:** D) Placenta 10. **What happens to the corpus luteum around 16-20 weeks of gestation?** - A) It enlarges - B) It resolves - C) It produces more hormones - D) It becomes the main hormone producer - **Correct Answer:** B) It resolves 11. **What structural change occurs in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy?** - A) It atrophies - B) It thickens and becomes the decidua - C) It remains unchanged - D) It becomes thinner - **Correct Answer:** B) It thickens and becomes the decidua 12. **Which hormone's levels peak at around gestational week 9 and then decline?** - A) Progesterone  - B) Estrogen - C) HCG - D) FSH - **Correct Answer:** C) HCG 13. **What process occurs in the placenta involving cholesterol during late pregnancy?** - A) Conversion to pregnenolone - B) Conversion to estrogen - C) Conversion to progesterone - D) Conversion to DHEA-sulfate - **Correct Answer:** A) Conversion to pregnenolone 14. **Where is DHEA-sulfate hydroxylated to 16-OH DHEA-sulfate during pregnancy?** - A) Maternal liver - B) Fetal liver - C) Maternal adrenal cortex - D) Fetal adrenal cortex - **Correct Answer:** B) Fetal liver 15. **What hormone is produced by the placenta from 16-OH DHEA-sulfate?** - A) Estriol - B) Estradiol - C) Progesterone - D) Cortisol - **Correct Answer:** A) Estriol 16. **Which hormone's production shifts from the corpus luteum to the placenta in the second trimester?** - A) FSH  - B) LH - C) Estrogen - D) Progesterone - **Correct Answer:** D) Progesterone 17. **What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum?** - A) Rising FSH levels - B) Ovulation induced by LH surge - C) Increasing estrogen levels - D) Low progesterone levels - **Correct Answer:** B) Ovulation induced by LH surge 18. **What happens to the uterine endometrium if fertilization does not occur?** - A) It proliferates - B) It becomes the decidua - C) It undergoes necrosis and is eliminated - D) It thickens - **Correct Answer:** C) It undergoes necrosis and is eliminated 19. **During which phase does the corpus luteum form?** - A) Menses - B) Proliferative - C) Ovulation - D) Secretory - **Correct Answer:** D) Secretory 20. **What is the primary role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?** - A) Secrete HCG  - B) Produce large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen - C) Trigger ovulation - D) Form the placenta - **Correct Answer:** B) Produce large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen 21. **What happens to estrogen levels during the secretory phase without fertilization?** - A) They rise - B) They remain constant - C) They decline - D) They fluctuate - **Correct Answer:** C) They decline 22. **Which structure forms after the corpus luteum degenerates?** - A) Dominant follicle - B) Corpus albicans - C) Placenta - D) Graafian follicle - **Correct Answer:** B) Corpus albicans 23. **What hormone increases due to the action of LH from the corpus luteum?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) FSH - D) HCG - **Correct Answer:** B) Progesterone 24. **What is the state of LH and FSH levels during the menses phase?** - A) High  - B) Low - C) Fluctuating - D) Steady - **Correct Answer:** B) Low 25. **What is the primary role of estrogen during the proliferative phase?** - A) Promote endometrial necrosis - B) Stimulate progesterone production - C) Trigger LH surge for ovulation - D) Induce rapid proliferation of the uterine endometrium - **Correct Answer:** D) Induce rapid proliferation of the uterine endometrium 1. What significant change occurs to the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary- ovarian axis during pregnancy? A) It becomes more active B) It is strongly repressed C) It fluctuates D) It remains unchanged Correct Answer: B) It is strongly repressed 2. When does the trophoblast begin secreting human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)? A) Immediately after fertilization B) 8 days after ovulation C) 16 days after ovulation D) At the end of the first trimester Correct Answer: B) 8 days after ovulation 3. What is the primary role of HCG in early pregnancy? A) Suppress new follicle maturation  B) Trigger ovulation C) Maintain the corpus luteum D) Initiate menstruation Correct Answer: C) Maintain the corpus luteum 4. What is the main source of estrogen and progesterone production in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy? A) Corpus luteum B) Maternal hypothalamus C) Fetal adrenal cortex D) Placenta Correct Answer: D) Placenta 5. What happens to the corpus luteum around 16-20 weeks of gestation? A) It enlarges B) It resolves C) It produces more hormones D) It becomes the main hormone producer Correct Answer: B) It resolves 6. What structural change occurs in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy? A) It atrophies B) It thickens and becomes the decidua C) It remains unchanged D) It becomes thinner Correct Answer: B) It thickens and becomes the decidua 7. Which hormone’s levels peak at around gestational week 9 and then decline? A) Progesterone B) Estrogen C) HCG D) FSH  Correct Answer: C) HCG 8. What process occurs in the placenta involving cholesterol during late pregnancy? A) Conversion to pregnenolone B) Conversion to estrogen C) Conversion to progesterone D) Conversion to DHEA-sulfate Correct Answer: A) Conversion to pregnenolone 9. Where is DHEA-sulfate hydroxylated to 16-OH DHEA-sulfate during pregnancy? A) Maternal liver B) Fetal liver C) Maternal adrenal cortex D) Fetal adrenal cortex Correct Answer: B) Fetal liver 10. What hormone is produced by the placenta from 16-OH DHEA-sulfate? A) Estriol B) Estradiol C) Progesterone D) Cortisol Correct Answer: A) Estriol 11. Which hormone’s production shifts from the corpus luteum to the placenta in the second trimester? A) FSH B) LH C) Estrogen D) Progesterone Correct Answer: D) Progesterone 12. What triggers the formation of the corpus luteum? A) Rising FSH levels  B) Ovulation induced by LH surge C) Increasing estrogen levels D) Low progesterone levels Correct Answer: B) Ovulation induced by LH surge 13. What happens to the uterine endometrium if fertilization does not occur? A) It proliferates B) It becomes the decidua C) It undergoes necrosis and is eliminated D) It thickens Correct Answer: C) It undergoes necrosis and is eliminated 14. During which phase does the corpus luteum form? A) Menses B) Proliferative C) Ovulation D) Secretory Correct Answer: D) Secretory 15. What is the primary role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy? A) Secrete HCG B) Produce large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen C) Trigger ovulation D) Form the placenta Correct Answer: B) Produce large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen 16. What happens to estrogen levels during the secretory phase without fertilization? A) They rise B) They remain constant C) They decline D) They fluctuate  Correct Answer: C) They decline 17. Which structure forms after the corpus luteum degenerates? A) Dominant follicle B) Corpus albicans C) Placenta D) Graafian follicle Correct Answer: B) Corpus albicans 18. What hormone increases due to the action of LH from the corpus luteum? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) FSH D) HCG Correct Answer: B) Progesterone 19. What is the state of LH and FSH levels during the menses phase? A) High B) Low C) Fluctuating D) Steady Correct Answer: B) Low 20. What is the primary role of estrogen during the proliferative phase? A) Promote endometrial necrosis B) Stimulate progesterone production C) Trigger LH surge for ovulation D) Induce rapid proliferation of the uterine endometrium Correct Answer: D) Induce rapid proliferation of the uterine endometrium 21. What happens to progesterone levels if fertilization occurs? A) They decline B) They remain constant  C) They increase steadily D) They fluctuate Correct Answer: C) They increase steadily 22. Which phase is characterized by the formation of the placenta? A) Menses B) Proliferative C) Ovulation D) Secretory Pregnancy Correct Answer: D) Secretory Pregnancy 23. During which trimester does the placenta assume the role of steroid hormone production? A) First trimester B) Second trimester C) Third trimester D) Postpartum Correct Answer: B) Second trimester 24. What happens to new follicle maturation during pregnancy? A) It continues B) It is suppressed C) It fluctuates D) It stops completely Correct Answer: B) It is suppressed 25. What significant role does the placenta play in late pregnancy regarding progesterone? A) It converts cholesterol to pregnenolone B) It stops progesterone production C) It secretes HCG D) It triggers ovulation Correct Answer: A) It converts cholesterol to pregnenolone ### Multiple Choice Practice Exam: Female Reproductive Physiology #### Based on "Week 14 _ Regulation of the Ovarian Cycle _ Review Sheet" 1. **What hormone initiates the ovarian cycle by stimulating the anterior pituitary?** - A) FSH - B) LH - C) GnRH - D) Estrogen - **Correct Answer:** C 2. **What is the primary function of FSH and LH during the ovarian cycle?** - A) Inhibit follicular development - B) Stimulate follicular development - C) Suppress GnRH production - D) Maintain corpus luteum - **Correct Answer:** B 3. **What effect do inhibin and low levels of estrogen have on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?** - A) Positive feedback - B) Negative feedback - C) No effect - D) Continuous stimulation - **Correct Answer:** B 4. **What hormone assists in the development of the dominant ovarian follicle?** - A) Progesterone - B) FSH  - C) Estrogen - D) LH - **Correct Answer:** C 5. **What triggers the LH surge that induces ovulation?** - A) Low levels of progesterone - B) High levels of inhibin - C) High levels of estrogen - D) Increasing levels of FSH - **Correct Answer:** C 6. **What structure forms from the ovulated follicle?** - A) Graafian follicle - B) Corpus luteum - C) Corpus albicans - D) Secondary follicle - **Correct Answer:** B 7. **What does the corpus luteum secrete after ovulation?** - A) Only estrogen - B) Only progesterone - C) Estrogen and inhibin - D) Progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin - **Correct Answer:** D 8. **What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is not fertilized?** - A) It continues to grow - B) It degenerates in 10 to 13 days  - C) It produces more hormones - D) It becomes the main hormone producer - **Correct Answer:** B 9. **What restarts the ovarian cycle if the oocyte is not fertilized?** - A) Increased FSH levels - B) Increased LH levels - C) Drop in progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin - D) Elevated levels of GnRH - **Correct Answer:** C #### Based on "Week 14 _ Female Reproduction _ Lactation_FA2022.pdf" 10. **What hormones stimulate the growth and development of breasts during pregnancy?** - A) Oxytocin and prolactin - B) Estrogen and progesterone - C) FSH and LH - D) GnRH and inhibin - **Correct Answer:** B 11. **What hormone is primarily responsible for milk production?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) Prolactin - D) Oxytocin - **Correct Answer:** C 12. **What blocks the action of prolactin on the breast during pregnancy?**  - A) High levels of prolactin - B) Low levels of estrogen and progesterone - C) High levels of estrogen and progesterone - D) High levels of FSH and LH - **Correct Answer:** C 13. **What triggers the secretion of prolactin during breastfeeding?** - A) Dopamine - B) Prolactin Release Hormone (PRH) - C) Suckling stimulus - D) Oxytocin - **Correct Answer:** C 14. **What effect does dopamine have on prolactin secretion in non-pregnant individuals?** - A) Stimulates prolactin secretion - B) Inhibits prolactin secretion - C) No effect - D) Enhances prolactin action - **Correct Answer:** B 15. **What hormone is responsible for milk ejection?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) Prolactin - D) Oxytocin - **Correct Answer:** D 16. **What stimulates oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary?**  - A) Prolactin - B) Suckling and sensory stimuli - C) High levels of FSH - D) Low levels of estrogen - **Correct Answer:** B 17. **How does breastfeeding affect ovulation?** - A) It stimulates ovulation - B) It has no effect on ovulation - C) It inhibits ovulation - D) It enhances GnRH secretion - **Correct Answer:** C 18. **What is the "tend-and-befriend" response in females attributed to?** - A) High levels of prolactin - B) High levels of oxytocin - C) High levels of estrogen - D) High levels of dopamine - **Correct Answer:** B 19. **What hormone helps to regulate the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin?** - A) Oxytocin - B) Estrogen - C) Progesterone - D) Prolactin itself - **Correct Answer:** D #### Based on "Week 14 _ Female Reproductive Physiology_ Pregnancy _Review_Sheet_FA2022.pdf" 20. **What hormone is produced by the trophoblast approximately 8 days after ovulation?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) - D) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - **Correct Answer:** C 21. **What is the primary role of HCG in early pregnancy?** - A) Stimulate ovulation - B) Maintain the corpus luteum - C) Suppress the development of new follicles - D) Increase progesterone levels - **Correct Answer:** B 22. **What is the source of steroid hormones during the first trimester of pregnancy?** - A) Placenta - B) Corpus luteum - C) Maternal hypothalamus - D) Fetal adrenal cortex - **Correct Answer:** B 23. **How is estriol synthesized during pregnancy?** - A) Cholesterol (placenta) → Pregnenolone (placenta) → Estriol (placenta) - B) Cholesterol (maternal liver) → DHEA-S (placenta) → Estriol (placenta) - C) Pregnenolone (placenta) → DHEA-S (fetal adrenals) → Estriol (placenta) - D) DHEA-S (fetal adrenals) → Estriol (fetal liver) → Estriol (placenta) - **Correct Answer:** C 24. **What triggers the production of fetal cortisol near term?** - A) Maternal stress - B) High estrogen levels - C) Activation of fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - D) Increased progesterone levels - **Correct Answer:** C 25. **What is the effect of fetal cortisol on the uterus?** - A) Decreases estrogen/progesterone ratio - B) Increases sensitivity to contractile stimuli - C) Inhibits prostaglandin production - D) Decreases uterine contractility - **Correct Answer:** B 26. **What hormone increases uterine contractility by increasing intracellular calcium concentration in smooth muscle?** - A) Progesterone - B) Prostaglandins - C) Oxytocin - D) Cortisol - **Correct Answer:** B 27. **What triggers the release of oxytocin during labor?** - A) Stretch of the cervix - B) High levels of prolactin - C) Decrease in estrogen levels - D) Increase in progesterone levels - **Correct Answer:** A 28. **What type of feedback system involves oxytocin during labor?** - A) Negative feedback - B) Positive feedback - C) Inhibitory feedback - D) Neutral feedback - **Correct Answer:** B 29. **How does estrogen affect oxytocin receptors toward the end of gestation?** - A) Down-regulates them - B) Has no effect - C) Up-regulates them - D) Blocks them - **Correct Answer:** C 30. **What is the effect of estrogen on uterine contractility?** - A) Decreases contractility - B) Increases contractility - C) No effect - D) Fluctuates contractility - **Correct Answer:** B 31. **What hormone stimulates milk production by inducing the synthesis of lactose, casein, and lipids?** - A) Estrogen - B) Progesterone - C) Prolactin - D) Oxytocin - **Correct Answer:** C 32. **What marks the time of highest progesterone output by the corpus luteum?** - A) Ovulation - B) Implantation - C) Menstruation - D) Fertilization - **Correct Answer:** B 33. **What does the blastocyst contribute to during pregnancy?** - A) The development of ovarian follicles - B) The maternal portion of the placenta - C) The fetal portion of the placenta - D) The uterine lining - **Correct Answer:** C 34. **What specialized layer forms in the endometrium under the influence of progesterone?** - A) Corpus luteum - B) Decidua - C) Follicular cells - D) Trophoblast - **Correct Answer:** B 35. **What is the main function of the placenta during pregnancy?** - A) Produce oxytocin - B) Serve as a transport epithelium and an endocrine gland - C) Regulate prolactin secretion - D) Maintain GnRH levels - **Correct Answer:** B These questions cover the key concepts from the provided materials, suitable for a comprehensive review and practice exam.