Integumentary System Grade 10 PDF

Introduction to the integumentary system Day 3 Standard HS-LS1-2. Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms Objectives List the parts of the integumentary system...

Introduction to the integumentary system Day 3 Standard HS-LS1-2. Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms Objectives List the parts of the integumentary system Identify the skin structure Label the skin structure. Explain the three parts or layers of skin. Explain the function of the skin Vocabulary Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Starter: what do you already know about the integumentary system The Integumentary System The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body and includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands.  How to protect this crop field from insects and The Skin Acts As A destructive animals? 1. Build a barrier like fences Barrier 2. Use pesticides The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external factors and helps regulate body temperature.  Functions Of The Integumentary The main function of the integumentary system: 1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Sensation 4. Vitamin D production Hair and nails Hair and nails are made of a protein called keratin and serve various functions.  Sweat glands: cool the body and sebaceous glands produce oil to keep the skin moisturized. 1. Eccrine sweat glands occur over most of the body and open directly onto the skin's surface. 2. Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin  Structure Of The Skin The skin includes 3 layers: 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous tissue (or hypodermis) Challenging question "Why do you think it's important to have different layers in our skin?"  Structure Of The Skin The epidermis: 1. Is the outer layer of the skin 2. It is made of epithelial cells covered by a thin layer of flattened, dead cells. 3. The flattened dead cells form a waterproof, protective barrier that covers the body. 4. Contains melanin (the pigment responsible for skin color). 5. Sun exposure affects melanin production, leading to tanning or sunburn. 6. The more melanin you produce, the darker your eyes, hair and skin will be  Structure Of The Skin The dermis: 1. Is a layer of skin under the epidermis. 2. It contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands 3. It also contain nerve cells that sense heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch. Real life connections: Houses collagen and elastin for flexibility and strength. Wrinkles form due to changes in collagen and elastin with age  Structure Of The Skin The subcutaneous tissue: 1. Located under the dermis 2. It is a connective tissue made of fat. 3. Function: a) Shock absorber b) Stores energy c) Insulates the body Real life connections: When we get cold, this layer helps insulate and retain body heat. The skin color Skin color Your skin contains specialized cells called melanocytes. They produce melanin, a brown substance, which absorbs some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. Fair-skinned people only have melanin in the lower layers of their epidermis. People with dark skin have larger amounts of melanin in all layers. Freckles and moles are nothing else but small patches of skin with more melanin than in the surrounding area. Quick lab- fingerprint Analysis The skin on your hands and feet is covered with tiny grooves called friction ridges. These ridges produce the familiar pattern that we know as fingerprints. 1. Determine whether your fingerprint contains a whorl, loop or arch. 2. Compare your fingerprint with the others in class. 3. Would you expect your fingerprints from your right and left hands to have the similar pattern? explain Jeopardy https://jeopardylabs.com/play/integumentary-system-1218  Vasoconstriction: When its cold, blood vessels constrict (narrow) to reduce heat loss. Thermoregulation Vasodilation: When its hot, blood vessels dilate (widen) to release heat through the skin’s surface. Scenario-based activity Running on a hot day: How does your body keep from overheating? Walking home on a cold winter day: What changes occur in your skin to conserve heat? Group Discussion: Each group should explain how the skin’s thermoregulation mechanisms (sweating, vasodilation, and vasoconstriction) would help in their scenario. Challenging questions "What might happen if your skin couldn’t undergo vasoconstriction or vasodilation?“ "How do these processes help maintain homeostasis?" Recap Questions: Recap Questions: "What are the main parts of the integumentary system?“ "Can you name the three layers of the skin and describe one function for each?“ "Why is thermoregulation an essential function of the skin?“ Reflection Prompt: "How does your skin help you survive in extreme weather conditions?" Thermoregulation It is important to maintain temperature for enzyme function. 37ºC is the optimum temperature for most of the body’s enzymes and at which metabolic reactions take place. Homeostasis works to make sure we stay at this temperature. If the temperature increases greater than this, enzymes will denature and if the temperature is lower than the this, the enzymes will work too slowly. What happens to your body when its too cold? Your body starts shivering. What happens during shivering? Skeletal muscles contract rapidly and generate heat. What happens to the blood vessels? Blood vessels, which lead to the skin capillaries, become narrower - they constrict - which allows less blood to flow through the skin and conserve the core(internal) body temperature. This is called vasoconstriction Hair rise up. What happens to your body when its too hot? Your body starts sweating. What happens during sweating? Sweat glands in the skin release more sweat. The sweat evaporates, transferring heat energy from the skin to the environment. What happens to your blood vessels? Blood vessels, which lead to the skin capillaries, become wider - they dilate - which allows more blood to flow through the skin and more heat to be lost to the environment. This is called vasodilation Hair lies down  Integumentary system diseases and disorders Day 3 Objectives 1 2 3 Define the Identify symptoms, Explain the impact of characteristics of acne causes, risk factors, these skin conditions vulgaris, carcinoma, and basic treatment on health and daily life. athlete’s foot, options. melanoma, and psoriasis. Starter: what do you know about skin diseases? Skin diseases Acne Psoriasis Melanoma vulgaris Athlete’s Carcinoma foot Group work Leader/Facilitator: Keeps the group on task Search for the following and ensures deadlines are met. Causes of the disease Recorder: Takes notes and documents the group’s discussions and decisions. Symptoms Researcher: Gathers information and sources relevant to the project. Treatments/ prevention Reporter: Present the groups findings Diseases: 1. Acne vulgaris 2. Psoriasis 3. Carcinoma 4. Melanoma 5. Athletes foot Group presentation Summary –concept map Skin diseases  Acne vulgaris Acne vulgaris is the common form of acne, characterized by a mixed eruption of inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions Clogged hair follicles or pores cause acne. Your hair follicles are small tubes that hold a strand of your hair. There are several glands that empty into your hair follicles. When too much material is inside your hair follicle, a clog occurs. Your pores can clog with: Sebum: An oily substance that provides a protective barrier for your skin. Bacteria: Small amounts of bacteria naturally live on your skin. If you have too much bacteria, it can clog your pores. Dead skin cells: Your skin cells shed often to make room for more cells to grow. When your skin releases dead skin cells, they can get stuck in your hair follicles. Treatment for mild acne includes topical anti-acne preparations, lasers and lights Treatment for moderate acne includes antibiotics such as tetracyclines and/or antiandrogens such as birth control pill Treatment for severe acne may require a course of oral isotretinoin.  Psoriasis Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition that causes itchiness and discomfort. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type. It causes thick, scaly areas of skin. While there isn’t a cure, psoriasis treatment can help manage symptoms. Your provider may prescribe special creams or ointments for psoriasis. Symptoms of psoriasis on your skin include plaques. Plaques look like: A rash or a raised area of thick skin. The skin on the plaque is discolored. The plaque is scaly or flaky and sheds easily. An over-reactive immune system that creates inflammation in your skin causes psoriasis.  Melanoma Melanoma is the most invasive skin cancer with the highest risk of death. While it’s a serious skin cancer, it's highly curable if caught early. Prevention and early treatment are critical, especially if you have fair skin, blonde or red hair and blue eyes. Although anyone can develop melanoma, an increased risk for developing the disease is seen in people with: A personal history of melanoma. A family history of melanoma. Fair skin, freckles, blond or red hair and blue eyes. Excess sun exposure, including blistering sunburns. An address near the equator or in high elevations — living in these locations may increase your UV exposure. A history of tanning bed use. Many moles, especially atypical moles. A weakened immune system. Melanoma treatment depends on the stage of the tumor Radiation therapy Immunotherapy Targeted cancer therapy Melanoma preventions Avoid sun and seek shade, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Don’t use tanning beds. Use a spray tan (cosmetic) instead. Whenever possible, wear hats with brims, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts and pants. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a skin protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher and reapply often, usually every 1.5 hours or more often if you’re swimming or sweating. Use a lip balm with sunscreen. Don't forget to apply sunscreen to young children and infants older than 6 months. Carcinoma Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 80% to 90% of all cancer diagnoses. Carcinoma forms in epithelial tissue which is tissue that lines your organs, internal passageways in your body and your skin. Carcinoma appears as tumors that may form on your skin or in your lungs, breasts, prostate, colon, kidneys, pancreas, etc. Also treatment depends on the stage of the tumor similar to melanoma Athlete’s foot Athlete’s foot is a contagious fungal infection that causes different itchy skin issues on your feet. An itchy, stinging, burning rash forms on infected skin. Athlete’s foot treatment can stop the fungus from spreading and clear it up. symptoms of athlete’s foot include: Cracked and peeling skin. Itchy skin. A skin rash. A burning sensation. t commonly spreads through skin-to-skin contact or contact with a flake of skin. It spreads in areas used by large groups of people, like locker rooms, swimming pools and saunas. It can also spread through contact with an infected surface. You can get athlete’s foot by sharing towels, socks or shoes with someone who has athlete’s foot. These products contain clotrimazole, miconazole, tolnaftate or terbinafine. Some prescription antifungal medications for athlete’s foot are pills. These pills contain fluconazole, itraconazole or terbinafine. It’s important to finish your full course of medicine. If you stop too soon, your athlete’s foot may come back and be harder to treat.