Week 10 - Overview of WSM (2024) PDF

Foundations of Industrial Engineering Overview of Work Study and Measurement Asst. Prof. Sarah Castillo Vanguardia Intended Learning Outcome (ILO) At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to identify the key concepts of Work Study and Work Measurement, including the...

Foundations of Industrial Engineering Overview of Work Study and Measurement Asst. Prof. Sarah Castillo Vanguardia Intended Learning Outcome (ILO) At the end of the discussion, the students should be able to identify the key concepts of Work Study and Work Measurement, including their objectives, techniques, and applications in improving workplace efficiency and productivity in industries. DISCUSSION OUTLINE WSM in the BSIE Curriculum Definition of Work Study and Work Measurement Key Techniques of Work Measurement Objectives of WSM 2023 BSIE CURRICULUM IEP113: WORK STUDY AND MEASUREMENT PRE-REQUISITE: IEP104 (STAT 2); IEP106 (IMP) CO-REQUISITE: IEP110 (ERGO 2); IEP112 (QMS) TERM: 3rd YEAR UNITS: 4 (3 LEC / 1 LAB) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses on optimizing socio-technical systems and organizing structures, policies and processes in order to maximize efficiency. This domain addresses more subjective aspects of the workplace such as: communication, crew resources and management, work schedule design, teamwork, participatory design, cooperative work, new work paradigms, quality management, virtual organizations, and community ergonomics. WORK STUDY The investigation of factors which contribute to the efficiency of the production processes, which in turn reflect the productivity of the enterprises as a whole (French and Saward, 1977). The systematic examination of activities in order to improve the effective use of human and other material resources (Ashridge, 2009). It is the activity or process of systematically examining, analyzing and measuring methods of performing work that involves human activity in order to improve those methods (Okweise and Umoh, 2022). WORK STUDY Also known as Work Method Design (Method Study)  a systematic procedure for analyzing existing methods of doing work and finding better, more efficient methods  The goal is to reduce the amount of work involved while maintaining or improving the output quality. Key Steps 1. SELECT Identify the work process or activity to be studied 2. RECORD Useful tools: process charts, flow diagrams, and photographs WORK STUDY Key Steps 3. EXAMINE Analyze recorded information critically to identify areas of improvement 4. DEVELOP Eliminate unnecessary steps or simplify operations 5. EVALUATE Factors: time savings, cost reduction, and increased efficiency 6. INSTALL Implement the new method with adequate worker training and supervision 7. MAINTAIN Through continuous monitoring and control WORK STUDY TOOLS OPERATION CHARTS Represent each task or operation to analyze the sequence and identify unnecessary steps two symbols are used in constructing the operation process chart: a small circle denotes an operation a small square denotes an inspection WORK STUDY TOOLS FLOW PROCESS CHARTS  in general, it contains considerably greater detail than the operation process chart  not usually applied to entire assemblies but rather for each component of an assembly  especially valuable in recording nonproduction hidden costs, such as:  distances traveled  delays  temporary storages  WORK STUDY TOOLS FLOW DIAGRAM  a pictorial representation of the layout of floors and buildings, showing the location of all activities on the flow of process chart (a) M1 Garand Rifle Production: Old Lay-out (b) M1 Garand Rifle Production: Revised Lay-out WORK MEASUREMENT  involves the application of techniques to establish the time for a qualified worker to complete a task at a defined level of performance  helps in setting labor standards, which are crucial for managing performance, cost, and productivity Key Techniques TIME STUDY A method of measuring the time taken by a skilled worker to perform a task under standard conditions  Breaking down the task into individual elements  Timing each element using a stopwatch or other devices  Determining an average time and adjusting it based on worker performance and fatigue WORK MEASUREMENT Key Techniques Predetermined Motion Predefined times for basic human movements (e.g., Time Systems (PMTS): reaching, grasping) used to calculate the total time for a task without direct observation 1 TMU = 0.00001 hours Example: 1 TMU = 0.0006 minutes 1 TMU = 0.036seconds Weight - less than 2 pounds Conditions of GET - easy 1 Hour = 100,000 TMU Place accuracy - approximate 1 Minute = 1, 667 TMU Distance range - 8 to 20 inches 1 Second = 27.8 TMU MTM-1 Motion Element Reach (R) Grasp (G) Move (M) Position (P) Release (RL) Disengage (D) Turn (T) Apply Pressure (AP) Eye Travel (ET) Eye Focus (EF) WORK MEASUREMENT Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS) Weight - less than 2 pounds 1 TMU = 0.00001 hours Conditions of GET - easy 1 TMU = 0.0006 minutes Place accuracy - approximate 1 TMU = 0.036seconds Distance range - 8 to 20 inches Element Description Element Time Get tube from rack AA2 35 Get stopper, place on counter AA2 35 Get centrifuge tube, place at sample table AD2 45 Pour (3 seconds) PT 83 Place tubes in rack (simo) PC2 40 Total TMU 238.0006 x 238 = Total standard minutes =.14 WORK MEASUREMENT Key Techniques WORK A statistical technique where random samples of worker activities are observed to determine the SAMPLING proportion of time spent on productive versus non- productive tasks. STANDARD Time standards previously established for common DATA tasks, which can be reused for similar activities. Normal times that have been compiled came from different methods of direct time studies, such as PMTS. WORK STUDY AND MEASUREMENT “Manage processes not people. Focus not on WHAT they do, bun on HOW they do it.” WORK STUDY AND MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES Minimize the time required to perform tasks Continually improve the quality and reliability of products and services Conserve resources and minimize cost by specifying the most appropriate direct and indirect materials for the production of goods and services WORK STUDY AND MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES  Consider the cost and availability of power  Produce with an increasing concern for protecting the environment Source: https://www.javatpoint.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-energy-resources  Maximize the safety, health, and well-being of all employees  Follow a humane program of management that results in job interest and satisfaction for each employee REFERENCES  Okwuise, Young & Umoh, Godwin. (2022). PRACTICE OF WORKS STUDY AND EMPOWERED PRODUCTIVITY: A THEORETICAL EXPOSITION. 3. 197-209.  Barnes, R. M. (1980). Motion and Time Study: Design and Measurement of Work. Wiley.  ILO (1992). Introduction to Work Study. Geneva: International Labour Office.  Zandin, K. B. (2003). Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional.  Niebel, B. W., & Freivalds, A. (2003). Methods, Standards, and Work Design. McGraw-Hill.  Groover, M. P. (2019). Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Pearson DISCLAIMER Every reasonable effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information used in the creation of this reference material, without prejudice to the existing copyrights of the authors. As an off-shoot of the innumerable difficulties encountered during these trying times, the authors endeavored to ensure proper attribution of the esteemed original works, by way of footnotes or bibliography, to their best abilities and based on available resources, despite the limited access and mobility due to quarantine restrictions imposed by the duly constituted authorities. 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