Week 10 Cultural Diversity BlackBoard PDF

Ethnic, Social, Cultural & Diversity and Spirituality NURS 1020: Exam 3 COURSE OUTCOME  Describe principles of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy. COMPETENCY  Describe princi...

Ethnic, Social, Cultural & Diversity and Spirituality NURS 1020: Exam 3 COURSE OUTCOME  Describe principles of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy. COMPETENCY  Describe principles of patient-teaching that reflect developmental, ethnic, social, and cultural considerations. UNIT OUTCOMES  Describe social, ethnic, and cultural diversity influences effect on the teaching/learning process.  Define genomics  Compare and contrast concepts of spirituality and religion. CONCEPTS  Cultural & Diversity:  Culture – Patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, develop, and share  Organizational  Families  Beliefs/customs Concepts  Diversity – The array of differences among individuals, groups, and communities.  Spirituality: An individual’s process of finding meaning and purpose in life. Culture  Culture is complex  Impacts how we see the world  Live our lives  Connect with others  Organize our home and communities  Most cultures have sub-cultures Culture Includes:  Behavior  Ethnicity  Religion  Communication  Race Actions  Sexual identity  Gender  Education  Ability  Beliefs  Language  Customs  Values  Thoughts  Age  Social groups  Status Culture influences health  Impacts how we  Culture impacts the think about health way we treat health  Behavior  Choices  Differentcultures  Identifya cultural have different implication that can norms influence health?  Assimilation Cultural differences = Health differences  When cultural differences are not respected and understood as a component of health care, disparities in health care can arise Questions for Consideration  What are health care disparities?  Whatare some of the health care disparities you are aware of? Culturally responsive and culturally competent care improves patient care Diversity  The U.S. population is becoming more and more culturally and ethnically diverse.  In the areas of health and illness, there are similarities and differences between the dominant and various cultural populations.  Culture  Culture affects how people value, evaluate, and categorize life experiences.  The members of a cultural group share values and ways of thinking and acting.  These values and ways of thinking and acting are different from those of people who are outside the group.  Visible and invisible components  Ethnicity  Members of an ethnic group feel a common sense of identity.  Ethnic identity is based on the language, geographic area, and values of the group’s heritage.  Race: common biological attributes shared by a group  Culture share values and ways of thinking and acting as the context for interpreting health and illness, providing direction for decisions. Example; Health expectations in one part of a country are not the same as another part of the country. City versus Rural United States versus China Culture/Ethnicity/ Ethnicity (Identity)based on the language, geographic area, Race racial characteristics, and values of the group’s heritage. Example: People may declare their ethnic identity to be Irish, Vietnamese, or Brazilian. Race limited to the common biological attributes shared by a group such as skin color. Example: Asian. Culture and Diversity  Sexual orientation  a continuum ranging from those who have a strong preference for a partner of the same sex to those who strongly prefer a partner of the opposite sex including any individual’s unique orientation.  Family- Who ever the patient identifies as THEIR family/significant other/life mate/wife/husband or any other term the patient wishes.  Emic worldview: The insider, or native, perspective. Cultural Awareness Etic worldview: An outsider’s perspective.  Culturally competent care - Basic Level Is the process of acquiring Concepts of specific knowledge, skills, and Cultural Care attitudes to provide culturally congruent care Culturally congruent care - Higher Level Care that fits the person’s valued life patterns and set of meanings   Providing culturally competent and Cultural congruent nursing care may include Care seeking cultural guidance from the family, with the patient’s permission. What does this seeking or questioning look like? Cultural Care  Cultural conflicts can inhibit learning and the ability to provide culturally congruent care. Cultural conflicts: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Imposition  Ethnocentrism occurs when people believe that their own cultural way of life is superior to that of others.  Ethnocentrism causes bias and prejudice. Cultural Care  Cultural imposition can occur when a person lacks knowledge about another culture.  Cultural imposition causes people to use their own values and lifestyle as the absolute guide in dealing with patients from various cultures and interpreting their behavior from the nurse's cultural perspective. Cultural Context of Health, Illness, and Caring  To begin understanding cultural context, consider the differences in how health, illness, and caring are viewed in Western cultures and non-Western cultures.  A classic example of the differences between Western cultures and non-Western cultures:  The biomedical orientation of Western cultures emphasizes scientific investigation.  Non-Western cultures emphasize a holistic conceptualization of health and illness. Cultural Beliefs and Rituals Surrounding Death  Be aware of religious and cultural preferences when helping patients and families prepare for death.  Be sensitive to cultural perceptions regarding organ donation, viewing the body after death, and preparing for burial.  Ask family if they have any rituals and/or ceremonies they use to help them cope with the death of a loved one.  Allow families ability to plan rituals after death  Provide exposure to a different perspective to enhance awareness of diversity. https://youtu.be/WuWmKDmJoPg Improving your diversity IQ | Doug Melville | TEDxSyracuseUniversity Spirituality and Religion Spirituality and Religion  People tend to use the terms spirituality and religion interchangeably.  The terms are not synonymous.  Religious practices encompass spirituality  Spirituality may or may not include religious practice. Religion  Religion refers to the system of organized beliefs and worship that a person practices to outwardly express spirituality.  Whatare some common religious denominations? Spirituality  A complex concept that is unique to each individual  dependent upon a person’s culture, development, life experiences, beliefs, and ideas about life, self discovery, coping with life, relationships with others, hope, faith and many others Spiritual Distress  Spiritual distress – challenge to or feeling of dissatisfaction with one’s spiritual well-being or with the belief system that provides strength, hope, and meaning to life.  Potential Causes of Spiritual Distress:  Healthcare treatment that conflicts with beliefs  Inability to practice spiritual rituals (due to illness or health care environment restrictions) Aids to Communication  Language access services  All health care organizations are required to offer free language assistance  Patients must receive, in their preferred language, healthcare education verbally and in printed form  Family, and friends, should not be used to provide interpretation services  Why not use family and friends? Question When using interpreter services, which factor should the nurse consider to effectively facilitate communication with the client who does not speak, understand or read English? 1. Use short questions that can be asked all at one time for the sake of efficiency. 2. Make note of the nonverbal communication of the client. 3. Encourage family members to interpret to promote client confidentiality. 4. Address questions and always maintain eye contact with the interpreter. Answer: 2 Question Rationale When using an interpreter, the nurse should also make note of the client’s nonverbal communication (tone of voice, gestures, and facial expressions Short questions are used and asked one at a time to prevent misunderstanding. Professional interpreters should be used instead of family members to promote client confidentiality. The nurse should address questions to the client, not the interpreter, but should maintain eye contact with the client. Older Adults and Culture Ask older adults how they like to be Determine the addressed. What patient’s pronoun would they preferences for prefer; Mr., Ms., touch. Mrs., Miss? Be aware of the Investigate the patient’s beliefs patient’s about eye contact preferences for during silence. conversation. General Culture Variations  US Americans greet each other with a firm handshake.  Native Americans can perceive a firm handshake as a sign of aggression.  Eastern cultures value silence.  Western cultures can be uncomfortable with silence.  European American cultures use direct eye contact as a sign of honesty and truthfulness.  Older Asian adults sometimes avoid eye contact with authority figures because it is considered disrespectful  Direct eye contact between genders in Middle Eastern cultures is sometimes forbidden except between spouses.   Toprovide culturally Potential congruent care, identify Conflicts potential conflicts between patients’ health care needs and their cultural or spiritual values. Cultural Treatments  These may appear as physical abuse unless the nurse is aware and open to learning.  Cupping  Coining Cultural Treatment Cupping Cupping  pressing glass to the area of discomfort and either applying heat or suction to create a vacuum. The suction causes the large, circular bruise marks Coining Coining Coining  Performed by taking a hard object with a smooth edge such as a coin and rubbing it along the skin in linear fashion until a bruise is present. This can be painful as the bigger the bruise, the more effective this practice it thought to be.  The intention of coining is to rid the body of so called “heatiness” and “negative energies.” Class Activity: Think: Pair: Share  1. Find a partner  2. Discuss the following:  How could you learn about someone in a culturally responsive way?  How would you ask questions that consider both Western culture (culture we currently know) and traditional practices of another culture? 3. Be prepared to share Questions